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Arbib/From monkey-like action recognition to human language: BBS Call for Commentators

by Behavioral & Brain Sciences

Dear Dr. Qwerty, Below please find the abstract, keywords, and a link to the full text of the forthcoming BBS target article: From monkey-like action recognition to human language: An evolutionary framework for neurolinguistics Michael A. Arbib This article has been accepted for publication in Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS), an international, interdisciplinary journal providing Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences. Commentators must be BBS Associates or suggested by a BBS Associate. To be considered as a commentator for this article, to suggest other appropriate commentators, or for information about how to become a BBS Associate, please reply by EMAIL within three (3) weeks to: calls(a)bbsonline.org The Calls are sent to 10,000 BBS Associates, so there is no expectation (indeed, it would be calamitous) that each recipient should comment on every occasion! Hence there is no need to reply except if you wish to comment, or to suggest someone to comment. If you are not a BBS Associate, please approach a current BBS Associate (there are currently over 10,000 worldwide) who is familiar with your work to nominate you. All past BBS authors, referees and commentators are eligible to become BBS Associates. An electronic list of current BBS Associates is available at this location to help you select a name: http://www.bbsonline.org/Instructions/assoclist.html If no current BBS Associate knows your work, please send us your Curriculum Vitae and BBS will circulate it to appropriate Associates to ask whether they would be prepared to nominate you. (In the meantime, your name, address and email address will be entered into our database as an unaffiliated investigator.) ======================================================================= COMMENTARY PROPOSAL INSTRUCTIONS ======================================================================= To help us put together a balanced list of commentators, it would be most helpful if you would send us an indication of the relevant expertise you would bring to bear on the paper, and what aspect of the paper you would anticipate commenting upon. Please DO NOT prepare a commentary until you receive a formal invitation, indicating that it was possible to include your name on the final list, which is constructed so as to balance areas of expertise and frequency of prior commentaries in BBS. ======================================================================= *** TARGET ARTICLE INFORMATION *** ======================================================================= TITLE: From monkey-like action recognition to human language: An evolutionary framework for neurolinguistics AUTHORS: Michael A. Arbib ABSTRACT: The article analyzes the neural and functional grounding of language skills as well as their emergence in hominid evolution, hypothesizing stages leading from abilities known to exist in monkeys and apes and presumed to exist in our hominid ancestors right through to modern spoken and signed languages. The starting point is the observation that both premotor area F5 in monkeys and Broca's area in humans contain a "mirror system" active for both execution and observation of manual actions, and that F5 and Brocas area are homologous brain regions. This grounded the Mirror System Hypothesis of Rizzolatti & Arbib (1998) which offers the mirror system for grasping as a key neural "missing link" between the abilities of our non-human ancestors of 20 million years ago and modern human language, with manual gestures rather than a system for vocal communication providing the initial seed for this evolutionary process. The present article, however, goes "beyond the mirror" to offer hypotheses on evolutionary changes within and outside the mirror systems which may have occurred to equip Homo sapiens with a language-ready brain. Crucial to the early stages of this progression is the mirror system for grasping and its extension to permit imitation. Imitation is seen as evolving via a so-called "simple" system such as that found in chimpanzees (which allows imitation of complex "objectoriented" sequences but only as the result of extensive practice) to a so-called "complex" system found in humans (which allows rapid imitation even of complex sequences, under appropriate conditions) which supports pantomime. This is hypothesized to provide the substrate for the development of protosign, a combinatorially open repertoire of manual gestures, which then provides the scaffolding for the emergence of protospeech (which thus owes little to non-human vocalizations), with protosign and protospeech then developing in an expanding spiral. It is argued that these stages involve biological evolution of both brain and body. By contrast, it is argued that the progression from protosign and protospeech to languages with full-blown syntax and compositional semantics was a historical phenomenon in the development of Homo sapiens, involving few if any further biological changes. KEYWORDS: gestures; hominids; language evolution; mirror system; neurolinguistics; primates; protolanguage; sign language; speech; vocalization http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Arbib-05012002/Referees/ ======================================================================= SUPPLEMENTARY ANNOUNCEMENT ======================================================================= (1) Call for Book Nominations for BBS Multiple Book Review In the past, Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) had only been able to do 1-2 BBS multiple book treatments per year, because of our limited annual page quota. BBS's new expanded page quota will make it possible for us to increase the number of books we treat per year, so this is an excellent time for BBS Associates and biobehavioral/cognitive scientists in general to nominate books you would like to see accorded BBS multiple book review. (Authors may self-nominate, but books can only be selected on the basis of multiple nominations.) It would be very helpful if you indicated in what way a BBS Multiple Book Review of the book(s) you nominate would be useful to the field (and of course a rich list of potential reviewers would be the best evidence of its potential impact!). *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* Please note: Your email address has been added to our user database for Calls for Commentators, the reason you received this email. If you do not wish to receive further Calls, please feel free to change your mailshot status through your User Login link on the BBSPrints homepage, using your username and password. Or, email a response with the word "remove" in the subject line. *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* Barbara Finlay - Editor Paul Bloom - Editor Behavioral and Brain Sciences bbs(a)bbsonline.org http://www.bbsonline.org -------------------------------------------------------------------

22 years, 2 months

postdoc position on language evolution and computation

by Lorincz, Andras

Subject: postdoc position on language evolution and computation Date: Wed, 7 Apr 2004 12:28:49 +0200 From: Paul Vogt <p.a.vogt(a)UVT.NL> Dear colleague, I send this posting to you as you or or someone you know might be interesting in the following vacancy. Please distribute this to anyone who might be interested. Yours sincerely, Paul Vogt This text is also available at http://www.tilburguniversity.nl/employees/cml/vacancies/8100406.html. Tilburg University is a specialized institute of learning and research, with emphasis on social sciences and the humanities. It employs more than 1600 people and has a student body of around 10,000. There are 19 colleges and 10 research institutes, which provide (postgraduate) tuition and research of outstanding quality. *Faculty of Arts* In its education and research programme, the Faculty of Arts addresses socially relevant domains in the field of language, communication, information and literary culture. Important areas of interest are business communication and digital media, discourse studies, multilingualism in a multicultural society, culture and literature, linguistics and artificial intelligence. The section Computational Linguistics at Tilburg University (The Netherlands) has, subject to the availability of financial resources, a position available for a: *RESEARCHER ON LANGUAGE EVOLUTION AND COMPUTATION (POSTDOC)* (m/f, 38 hours a week, vacancy number 810.04.06) *Project information* The section Computational Linguistics at Tilburg University might receive funding for 3 years for a postdoctoral researcher, starting 1 June 2004. The funding is part of a project entitled 'New and Emergent World Models Through Individual, Evolutionary, and Social Learning' (NEW TIES). This project is funded by the European Commission and is a joint project with researchers from the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (The Netherlands), Napier University (Edinburgh, UK), University of Surrey (UK), Eotvos Lorand University (Budapest, Hungary) and Tilburg University. See http://www.cs.vu.nl/~gusz/newties/newties.html <http://www.cs.vu.nl/%7Egusz/newties/newties.html> for the project home-page. NEW TIES is a highly ambitious project that aims at simulating the evolution of cultures in large populations of multi-agent systems through indivudual and social learning of, e.g., behavioural skills and language. The experiments will be set in a large computer network based on peer-to-peer technology and another part of the project will focus on monitoring how the culture (including language) evolves. Central to this project is the part that studies evolution of communication, language and cooperation in a large scale multi-agent society. The researcher in Tilburg will be responsible for implementing this central part. *Main tasks* The researcher's task will focus on the design of computational experiments concerning the origins and evolution of communication, language and cooperation. These experiments will have to be carried out both as a stand alone experiment and integrated with the contribution of the other partners in the project. Important areas within the research are scalability, the symbol grounding problem, the emergence of communication as such and the origins of grammatical structures as described in workpackage 3 of the project proposal (http://www.cs.vu.nl/~gusz/newties/newties.html <http://www.cs.vu.nl/%7Egusz/newties/newties.html>). Part of the research will be carried out in Edinburgh. In addition, the researcher will be responsible for the local organisation of the computer network (not necessarily the computer support). *Profile* The ideal candidate is an enthousiastic instigator and has a strong background in language evolution and computation, modelling multi-agent systems (preferably language models), evolutionary computation, machine learning, linguistics and/or psycholinguistics. Java programming skills are a further advantage. The candidate should have finished (or is about to finish) his/her Ph.D. in the field of artificial intelligence, artificial life, computational linguistics or another relevant area with the cognitive sciences. *Terms of employment* The collective labour agreement of Tilburg University applies. The selected candidate will get a three years contract (full-time). Pay classification is according to level of experience and expertise, with a minimum of 2.179,-- and a maximum of 3.453,-- euro per month (salary scale 10). Furthermore, the usual facilities (desk, computer, some travel money) are offered, as well as support with housing, immigrations, etc. *Information* For further information, please contact Dr. Paul Vogt email: p.a.vogt(a)uvt.nl <mailto:p.a.vogt@uvt.nl>, http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/~paulv <http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/%7Epaulv> or consult the project's home page http://www.cs.vu.nl/~gusz/newties/newties.html <http://www.cs.vu.nl/%7Egusz/newties/newties.html> *Applications* Interested candidates should send in their application and CV before 26 April 2004 to: Tilburg University, Faculty of Arts, O.M. Zweekhorst, M.A., Managing Director, Room U 40, P.O. Box 90153 5000 LE Tilburg The Netherlands. Or by email: solliciterenFDL(a)uvt.nl <mailto:solliciterenFDL@uvt.nl>. It is the policy of the university to increase the number of women employed. Also members of ethnic minority groups and handicapped are especially invited to apply. -- Dr. Paul Vogt Researcher in Language Evolution and Computation ILK / Computational Linguistics, Tilburg University P.O.Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/~paulv/

22 years, 2 months

Nyelvpatol�giai F�rum

by Zoltan Banreti

Tisztelt Kollégák, Szeretettel várunk minden érdeklődőt: II. Nyelvpatológiai Fórum Afázia – a neurológiától a lingvisztikáig Budapest, 2004. április 22. Helyszín: MTA Nyelvtudományi Intézet, Budapest VI. Benczúr utca 33. Szervezők: Csépe Valéria és Bánréti Zoltán Interdisziplináris kutatási eredmények-I. NKFP 5/054 – Mentális nyelvtan 9:30- 10:10 Honbolygó Ferenc, Csépe Valéria, Mészáros Éva, Bánréti Zoltán Amit az eseményhez kötött agyi potenciálok „tudnak” a morfológiai és szemantikai időről 10:10-10:50 Mészáros Éva Az ige pozíciójának hatása az egyeztetési folyamatokra SZÜNET 11:10- 11:50 Csépe Valéria, Honbolygó Ferenc, Jolsvai Hajnal Elektro-neuropszichológia: eseményhez kötött agyi potenciálok a nyelvi funkciók vizsgálatában 11:50-12:30 Osmanné Sági Judit Alapvető morfológiai jellemzők hatása képkiválasztásos feladatban afáziásoknál EBÉDSZÜNET Az afáziás nyelvi zavar aspektusai 14:00-14:40 Szirmai Imre Transzkortikális és szubkortikális afáziák 14:40- 15:20 Hoffmann Ildikó – Kálmán János: Szótalálási sajátosságok poszterior, fluens afáziában és Alzheimer- kórban 15:20-16:00 Ivaskó Livia Diagnosztikus lehetőségek a pragmatikai kompetencia szerzett zavarában szenvedő betegek nyelvhasználati deficitjeinek feltérképezésében 16:00-16:40 Szépe Judit: Környezetfüggő és környezetfüggetlen szekvencia-szervező műveletek (Felnőttkori nyelvi devianciák egyszerűsítési stratégiái) SZÜNET Interdisziplináris kutatási eredmények- II NKFP 5/054 – Mentális nyelvtan 17:00-17:40 Szentkuti Kiss Katalin Szórendi hatások az egyszerű mondatok megértésében 17:40- 18:20 Bánréti Zoltán Az univerzális nyelvtan alapelveinek korlátozódása agrammatikus afáziában MTA Nyelvtudomanyi Intezete Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences H-1068 Budapest Benczúr u. 33 tel: 36-1-351-0413 fax: 36-1-322-9297 email: banreti(a)nytud.hu

22 years, 2 months

philosophy lecture at CEU

by Krisztina Biber

The CEU Philosophy Department cordially invites you to a lecture by Milos Arsenijevic on PRESENTISM AND A NEW RECONSTRUCTION OF ZENO'S FLYING ARROW Tuesday, 13. April, 5.00 PM, Zrinyi 14/ room 412 Milos Arsenijevic is professor of philosophy at the University of Belgrade (Yugoslavia). In the past ten years he had been Research Fellow/Visiting Lecturer in University of Heidelberg (Germany), University of Pittsburgh, USA, at the Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, (Germany). His area of specialisation is philosophy of time. His recent publications include "Determinism, indeterminism and the flow of time", Erkenntnis 2001 and "Real tenses" , in Time, Tense and Reference (Smith, Q. and Jokic. A. eds.), MIT Press, 2003 Kriszta Biber Department Coordinator Philosophy Department Tel: 36-1-327-3806 Fax: 36-1-327-3072 E-mail: biberk(a)ceu.hu

22 years, 2 months

Depue & Morrone-Strupinsky/A neurobehavioral model of affiliative bonding: BBS Call for Commentators

by Behavioral & Brain Sciences

Below the instructions please find the abstract, keywords, and full text link to the forthcoming BBS target article: A neurobehavioral model of affiliative bonding: Implications for conceptualizing a human trait of affiliation by Richard A. Depue and Jeannine V. Morrone-Strupinsky This article has been accepted for publication in Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS), an international, interdisciplinary journal providing Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences. Commentators must be BBS Associates or suggested by a BBS Associate. To be considered as a commentator for this article, to suggest other appropriate commentators, or for information about how to become a BBS Associate, please reply by EMAIL within three (3) weeks to: calls(a)bbsonline.org The Calls are sent to 10,000 BBS Associates, so there is no expectation (indeed, it would be calamitous) that each recipient should comment on every occasion! Hence there is no need to reply except if you wish to comment, or to suggest someone to comment. If you are not a BBS Associate, please approach a current BBS Associate (there are currently over 10,000 worldwide) who is familiar with your work to nominate you. All past BBS authors, referees and commentators are eligible to become BBS Associates. An electronic list of current BBS Associates is available at this location to help you select a name: http://www.bbsonline.org/Instructions/assoclist.html If no current BBS Associate knows your work, please send us your Curriculum Vitae and BBS will circulate it to appropriate Associates to ask whether they would be prepared to nominate you. (In the meantime, your name, address and email address will be entered into our database as an unaffiliated investigator.) ======================================================================= ** IMPORTANT ** ======================================================================= To help us put together a balanced list of commentators, it would be most helpful if you would send us an indication of the relevant expertise you would bring to bear on the paper, and what aspect of the paper you would anticipate commenting upon. Please DO NOT prepare a commentary until you receive a formal invitation, indicating that it was possible to include your name on the final list, which is constructed so as to balance areas of expertise and frequency of prior commentaries in BBS. To help you decide whether you would be an appropriate commentator for this article, an electronic draft is retrievable at the URL that follows the abstract, keywords below. ======================================================================= *** TARGET ARTICLE INFORMATION *** ======================================================================= TITLE: A neurobehavioral model of affiliative bonding: Implications for conceptualizing a human trait of affiliation AUTHORS: Richard A. Depue and Jeannine V. Morrone-Strupinsky ABSTRACT: Because little is known about the human trait of affiliation, we provide a novel neurobehavioral model of affiliative bonding. Discussion is organized around processes of reward and memory formation that occur during approach and consummatory phases of affiliation. Appetitive and consummatory reward processes are mediated independently by the activity of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA)nucleus accumbens shell (NAS) pathway and the central corticolimbic projections of the u-opiate system of the medial basal arcuate nucleus, respectively, although these two projection systems functionally interact across time. We next explicate the manner in which DA and glutamate interact in both the VTA and NAS to form incentive-encoded contextual memory ensembles that are predictive of reward derived from affiliative objects. Affiliative stimuli, in particular, are incorporated within contextual ensembles predictive of affiliative reward via a) the binding of affiliative stimuli in the rostral circuit of the medial extended amygdala and subsequent transmission to the NAS shell; b) affiliative stimulus-induced opiate potentiation of DA processes in the VTA and NAS; and c) permissive or facilitatory effects of gonadal steroids, oxytocin (in interaction with DA), and vasopressin on (i) sensory, perceptual, and attentional processing of affiliative stimuli and (ii) formation of social memories. Among these various processes, we propose that the capacity to experience affiliative reward via opiate functioning has a disproportionate weight in determing individual differences in affiliation. We delineate sources of these individual differences, and provide the first human data that support an association between opiate functioning and variation in trait affiliation. KEYWORDS: affiliation, social bonds, social memory, personality, appetitive reward, consummatory reward, dopamine, u-opiates, oxytocin, vasopressin, corticolimbic-striatal networks FULL TEXT: http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Depue-07232002/Referees/ ======================================================================= ======================================================================= *** SUPPLEMENTARY ANNOUNCEMENT *** (1) Call for Book Nominations for BBS Multiple Book Review In the past, Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) had only been able to do 1-2 BBS multiple book treatments per year, because of our limited annual page quota. BBS's new expanded page quota will make it possible for us to increase the number of books we treat per year, so this is an excellent time for BBS Associates and biobehavioral/cognitive scientists in general to nominate books you would like to see accorded BBS multiple book review. (Authors may self-nominate, but books can only be selected on the basis of multiple nominations.) It would be very helpful if you indicated in what way a BBS Multiple Book Review of the book(s) you nominate would be useful to the field (and of course a rich list of potential reviewers would be the best evidence of its potential impact!). *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* Please note: Your email address has been added to our user database for Calls for Commentators, which is why you received this email. If you do not wish to receive further BBS Calls please email a response with the word "remove" in the subject line. *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* Barbara Finlay - Editor Paul Bloom - Editor Behavioral and Brain Sciences bbs(a)bbsonline.org http://www.bbsonline.org -------------------------------------------------------------------

22 years, 2 months

konferencia

by Forczek Erzsebet

22 years, 2 months

P�LY�ZATI FELH�V�S human brain mapping budapest 2004 june

by Gyula Kovacs

PÁLYÁZATI FELHÍVÁS Az Organization for Human Brain Mapping 10. éves konferenciáját 2004. június 13 és 17 között Budapesten, a Kongresszusi Központban tartja. Az Organization for Human Brain Mapping-ról illetve magáról a konferenciáról bõvebb információ található az alábbi honlapokon: www.humanbrainmapping.org www. conferences.hu/hmb2004 Kenyeres Sándor úr, a Talentis Program (www.talentis.hu) alapítójának támogatása révén Magyarországon illetve Kárpát Medencében élõ fiatal (< 35 év) magyar orvosok és kutatók pályázhatnak a HBM2004 konferencia részvételi díjára illetve a konferencián tartott kurzusok részvételi díjára. A pályázatnak a következõket kell tartalmaznia: CV; publikációs lista; rövid leírás arról, hogy hogyan hasznosítja a pályázó a konferencián nyert tapasztalatokat jövõbeli szakmai munkájában; két szakmai ajánlás; a konferenciára benyújtott elõadás/poszter összefoglalója (ha van ilyen - de ez nem elengedhetetlen követelmény). A pályázatot április 30-ig postán vagy emailben kell eljuttatni a konferencia LOC titkárához, Dr. Oberfrank Ferenchez (email: oberfrank(a)koki.hu; levélcím: MTA KOKI, 1083 Budapest, Szigony u. 43). 2004. március 31. Gulyás Balázs a konferencia elnöke Dr. Kovács, Gyula Assoc.Prof. Budapesti Mûszaki Egyetem / Technical University of Budapest Kognitiv Tudományi Központ / Center for Cognitive Sciences -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ------------------- H-1111 Budapest Stoczek u 3, ST ép/bldg III/318 http://www.itm.bme.hu/ktk/gyula/index.htm T:+36-1-463-1176 F:+36-1-463-1072 ########################################### This message has been scanned by F-Secure Anti-Virus for Microsoft Exchange. For more information, connect to http://www.F-Secure.com/

22 years, 2 months

pályázati felhívás-human brain mapping conference budapest 2004 june

by Gyula Kovacs

Dr. Kovács, Gyula Assoc.Prof. Budapesti Műszaki Egyetem / Technical University of Budapest Kognitiv Tudományi Központ / Center for Cognitive Sciences ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------- H-1111 Budapest Stoczek u 3, ST ép/bldg III/318 http://www.itm.bme.hu/ktk/gyula/index.htm T:+36-1-463-1176 F:+36-1-463-1072 ########################################### This message has been scanned by F-Secure Anti-Virus for Microsoft Exchange. For more information, connect to http://www.F-Secure.com/

22 years, 2 months

Depue & Morrone-Strupinsky/A neurobehavioral model of affiliative bonding: BBS Call for Commentators

by Behavioral & Brain Sciences

Dear Dr. Qwerty, Below the instructions please find the abstract, keywords, and full text link to the forthcoming BBS target article: A neurobehavioral model of affiliative bonding: Implications for conceptualizing a human trait of affiliation by Richard A. Depue and Jeannine V. Morrone-Strupinsky This article has been accepted for publication in Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS), an international, interdisciplinary journal providing Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences. Commentators must be BBS Associates or suggested by a BBS Associate. To be considered as a commentator for this article, to suggest other appropriate commentators, or for information about how to become a BBS Associate, please reply by EMAIL within three (3) weeks to: calls(a)bbsonline.org The Calls are sent to 10,000 BBS Associates, so there is no expectation (indeed, it would be calamitous) that each recipient should comment on every occasion! Hence there is no need to reply except if you wish to comment, or to suggest someone to comment. If you are not a BBS Associate, please approach a current BBS Associate (there are currently over 10,000 worldwide) who is familiar with your work to nominate you. All past BBS authors, referees and commentators are eligible to become BBS Associates. An electronic list of current BBS Associates is available at this location to help you select a name: http://www.bbsonline.org/Instructions/assoclist.html If no current BBS Associate knows your work, please send us your Curriculum Vitae and BBS will circulate it to appropriate Associates to ask whether they would be prepared to nominate you. (In the meantime, your name, address and email address will be entered into our database as an unaffiliated investigator.) ======================================================================= ** IMPORTANT ** ======================================================================= To help us put together a balanced list of commentators, it would be most helpful if you would send us an indication of the relevant expertise you would bring to bear on the paper, and what aspect of the paper you would anticipate commenting upon. Please DO NOT prepare a commentary until you receive a formal invitation, indicating that it was possible to include your name on the final list, which is constructed so as to balance areas of expertise and frequency of prior commentaries in BBS. To help you decide whether you would be an appropriate commentator for this article, an electronic draft is retrievable at the URL that follows the abstract, keywords below. ======================================================================= *** TARGET ARTICLE INFORMATION *** ======================================================================= TITLE: A neurobehavioral model of affiliative bonding: Implications for conceptualizing a human trait of affiliation AUTHORS: Richard A. Depue and Jeannine V. Morrone-Strupinsky ABSTRACT: Because little is known about the human trait of affiliation, we provide a novel neurobehavioral model of affiliative bonding. Discussion is organized around processes of reward and memory formation that occur during approach and consummatory phases of affiliation. Appetitive and consummatory reward processes are mediated independently by the activity of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA)nucleus accumbens shell (NAS) pathway and the central corticolimbic projections of the u-opiate system of the medial basal arcuate nucleus, respectively, although these two projection systems functionally interact across time. We next explicate the manner in which DA and glutamate interact in both the VTA and NAS to form incentive-encoded contextual memory ensembles that are predictive of reward derived from affiliative objects. Affiliative stimuli, in particular, are incorporated within contextual ensembles predictive of affiliative reward via a) the binding of affiliative stimuli in the rostral circuit of the medial extended amygdala and subsequent transmission to the NAS shell; b) affiliative stimulus-induced opiate potentiation of DA processes in the VTA and NAS; and c) permissive or facilitatory effects of gonadal steroids, oxytocin (in interaction with DA), and vasopressin on (i) sensory, perceptual, and attentional processing of affiliative stimuli and (ii) formation of social memories. Among these various processes, we propose that the capacity to experience affiliative reward via opiate functioning has a disproportionate weight in determing individual differences in affiliation. We delineate sources of these individual differences, and provide the first human data that support an association between opiate functioning and variation in trait affiliation. KEYWORDS: affiliation, social bonds, social memory, personality, appetitive reward, consummatory reward, dopamine, u-opiates, oxytocin, vasopressin, corticolimbic-striatal networks FULL TEXT: http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Depue-07232002/Referees/ ======================================================================= ======================================================================= *** SUPPLEMENTARY ANNOUNCEMENT *** (1) Call for Book Nominations for BBS Multiple Book Review In the past, Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) had only been able to do 1-2 BBS multiple book treatments per year, because of our limited annual page quota. BBS's new expanded page quota will make it possible for us to increase the number of books we treat per year, so this is an excellent time for BBS Associates and biobehavioral/cognitive scientists in general to nominate books you would like to see accorded BBS multiple book review. (Authors may self-nominate, but books can only be selected on the basis of multiple nominations.) It would be very helpful if you indicated in what way a BBS Multiple Book Review of the book(s) you nominate would be useful to the field (and of course a rich list of potential reviewers would be the best evidence of its potential impact!). *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* Please note: Your email address has been added to our user database for Calls for Commentators, which is why you received this email. If you do not wish to receive further BBS Calls please email a response with the word "remove" in the subject line. *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* Barbara Finlay - Editor Paul Bloom - Editor Behavioral and Brain Sciences bbs(a)bbsonline.org http://www.bbsonline.org -------------------------------------------------------------------

22 years, 2 months

Ujhelyi M�ria meghalt

by L�szl� Nemes

Mély fájdalommal kell tudatnom, hogy Ujhelyi Mária, a Semmelweis Egyetem Magatartástudományi Intézete orvosi antropológiai részlegének vezetõje, nemzetközileg elismert fõemlõskutató, március 24-én, hatvan éves korában súlyos agyvérzés következtében elhunyt. Mária azon (az etológia klasszikus tradícióját életben tartó) kutatók közé tartozott, akik az alapos, mély szenvedéllyel és empátiával végzett, jól átgondolt hosszú távú kutatásokat elõnyben részesítik az elsietett elméletalkotással és rutinszerû publikációgyártással szemben. Kutatásai középpontjában a fõemlõsök éntudata (tükör-tesztek), a nyelv és az ezzel összefüggésbe hozható mentális képességek, különbözõ problémamegoldó képességek, valamint az emberi és nem-emberi szociális struktúrák (pár-, ill. szülõ-utód kapcsolatok) álltak. Kutatási alanyait a kognitív etológia és a fõemlõskutatás fõvonala által érdemtelenül elhanyagolt ún. kis vagy kisebb emberszabásúak, azaz gibbonok és sziamangok képezték. Meggyõzõdése szerint ezen közeli filogenetikai rokonaink viselkedésének és mentális folyamatainak alaposabb vizsgálata jelentõsen közelebb vihetne minket saját evolúciósan kialakult természetünk megértéséhez is (bizonyos esetekben e vonatkozásban akár hatékonyabb is lehet a kisebb emberszabásúak tanulmányozása, mint a nagy emberszabásúaké). Meglehet kutatói attitûdjéhez talán jobban illett volna, ha alkalma nyílhat a távol-keleti vagy (az általa szintén figyelemmel kísért újvilági majomfajok esetében) dél-amerikai esõerdõkben folytatott szabadtéri megfigyelésekre, meg kellett elégednie azzal, hogy fõként hazai állatkertekben végezzen megfigyeléseket és kísérleteket - ami ugyanakkor azzal az elõnnyel járt, hogy kontrolláltabb körülmények között volt képes vizsgálni kedvenc állatait, mintegy együtt is élve velük. Beszámolóit és elõadásait hallgatva élénk kép tárulhatott elénk a szegedi, debreceni, gyõri, budapesti, jászberényi vagy nyíregyházi állatkertek és vadasparkok lakóiról. Tódi, a nyíregyházi gibbon, Jocó, a szegedi sziamang, Dodó, a gyõri gibbon és társaik személyes ismerõseinkké válhattak ezáltal, ami Mária feltétlen csodálatát és szeretetét tükrözi ezen nagyszerû élõlények iránt. Az éntudat, a nyelvi és muzikális képességek, a szülõi viselkedés és a társas kapcsolatok evolúciójával kapcsolatos kutatásait fontos szöveggyûjtemények mellett olyan tekintélyes szaklapok közölték, mint a Selection, a BBS, a Journal of Theoretical Biology vagy a Journal of Comparative Psychology. Mindezek a publikációk alapvetõ referenciapontokként szolgálnak a vonatkozó tudományterületek mûvelõi számára, a primatológusok legelsõ sorába emelve szerzõjüket. (Talán külön is érdemes kiemelni egy, a J. Comp. Psy.-ben 2000-ben megjelent cikket, ami csakugyan megkerülhetetlen hivatkozási alap bármely, a témával foglalkozó kutató számára: Ujhelyi M, Merker, B, Buk P & Geissman, T: Observations on the Behavior of Gibbons (Hylobates Leucogenys, H. Gabriellae, and H. Lar) in the Presence of Mirrors 114:253-262.). Lévén a fõemlõskutatás a hazai etológiai körökben csupán marginális szerepet tölt be, Mária nem tölthette be azt a pozíciót a hazai viselkedéskutatói életben, ami egyébként maximálisan megillette volna. Személyiségét ismerve talán nem is vágyott különösebben erre. Külön ki kell emelnünk Ujhelyi Mária tanári kvalitásait. Én magam csupán az utóbbi években az irányítása alatt és vele együtt dolgozó diákokról tudok közvetlen tapasztalatokról beszámolni, de aligha tévedek, ha úgy vélem, ezek a tapasztalatok teljes, több évtizedes áldozatos oktatói tevékenységére is kiterjeszthetõk. Városról-városra tartó "expedíciói" során az õt lelkesen követõ, az ország különbözõ egyetemein tanuló diáklányok kisebb csapata csak így nevezte: a "Tanárnõ". Soha senkivel kapcsolatban nem éreztem ennyire õszintének és jelentõségteljesnek ezt a látszólag semleges megnevezést. Túl azon, hogy tanáruk és tanítójuk volt, diákjainak egyszerre tudott barátnõje, ha kellett pótanyja, vagy akár nagymamája lenni. Intézetbeli kollégájának, Dr. Tury Ferencnek néhány nappal halála elõtt (agyvérzését követõen) Ujhelyi Mari állapotára vonatkozó érdeklõdésemre írt válaszlevelébõl idéznék: "Biológiailag jóval idõsebbnek tûnt 60 événél, lelkileg örökifjú vagány maradt". Aligha van bárki is azok között, akik kicsit is ismerték, aki vitatná ez utóbbi megállapítást a mondat elsõ fele pedig sajnos tragikusan igaznak bizonyult. Halálával jelentõs veszteség érte hazai tudományos életünket, és csak remélni tudom (bár kétségeim nincsenek), hogy tanítványai és munkatársai mindent megtesznek azért, hogy a kutatások folytatásával megpróbálják némileg betölteni az utána maradt ûrt. Nemes László Debreceni Egyetem Orvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum Magatartástudományi Intézet _________________________________________________________________ Add photos to your messages with MSN 8. Get 2 months FREE*. http://join.msn.com/?page=features/featuredemail

22 years, 2 months

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