Dear Dr. Qwerty,
Below is the abstract of a forthcoming BBS target article
ALTRUISM AND SELFISHNESS
by
Howard Rachlin
http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Rachlin/Referees/
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_____________________________________________________________
ALTRUISM AND SELFISHNESS
Howard Rachlin
Psychology Department
State University of New York
Stony Brook, New York, 11794-2500
KEYWORDS: addiction, altruism, commitment, cooperation, defection,
egoism, impulsiveness, patterning, prisoner¹s dilemma, reciprocation,
reinforcement, selfishness, self-control
ABSTRACT: Many situations in human life present choices between (a) narrowly
preferred particular alternatives and (b) narrowly less preferred (or aversive)
particular alternatives that nevertheless form part of highly preferred abstract
behavioral patterns. Such alternatives characterize problems of self-control. For
example, at any given moment, a person may accept alcoholic drinks yet also prefer
being sober to being drunk over the next few days. Other situations present
choices between (a) alternatives beneficial to an individual and (b) alternatives
that are less beneficial (or harmful) to the individual that would nevertheless be
beneficial if chosen by many individuals. Such alternatives characterize problems
of social cooperation; choices of the latter alternative are generally considered
to be altruistic. Altruism, like self-control, is a valuable temporally-extended
pattern of behavior. Like self-control, altruism may be learned and maintained over
an individual¹s lifetime. It needs no special inherited mechanism. Individual acts
of altruism, each of which may be of no benefit (or of possible harm) to the actor,
may nevertheless be beneficial when repeated over time. However, because each
selfish decision is individually preferred to each altruistic decision, people can
benefit from altruistic behavior only when they are committed to an altruistic
pattern of acts and refuse to make decisions on a case-by-case basis
http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Rachlin/Referees/
___________________________________________________________
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Pszichofiziológia helyzete info
--
Mark Molnar M.D., Ph.D.
Institute for Psychology
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Budapest, P.O.B. 398.
H-1394 HUNGARY
tel.: (361)-3533244
fax : (361)-2692972
e-mail: molnar(a)cogpsyphy.hu
http://www.cogpsyphy.hu
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On-line arckifejezés-felismerö rendszerünk hamarosan elkészül.
FACS alapú on-line arc-animátor szoftverünk is közel készen van.
Különbözö témákban kivánjuk használni a két eszközt:
1. Intelligens számitógép és emberi reakció
- mérése
- optimalizációja
2. Segítörendszerek:
- gyermekjáték
- idõsek monitorozása
3. Távoktatás
Mindezekhez elsö lépésben 'cliplet-gyártó' eszközt
tudunk adni, amely egymáshoz füzhetö rövid klippek
'gyartasat' tesz lehetövé. Az eszköz célja egy cliplet-
szótár összeállitása. Ehhez keresek érdeklödö partnereket.
www cim:
http://people.inf.elte.hu/lorincz/New.html
email cim: alorincz(a)matavnet.hu
Udvozlettel,
Lorincz Andras
Department of History and Philosophy of Science
Eotvos University
Budapest, Pazmany P. setany 1/A
PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE SEMINAR
(http://hps.elte.hu/seminar)
________________________________________________
Program, November
5 November 4:00 PM 6th floor 6.54
(Language: English, except all participants speak Hungarian)
K a t a l i n M a r t i n a s
Atomic Physics, Eotvos University, Budapest
Mathematics and Theoretical Economics
Some questions raised by the Post Autistic Economics Movement
In June, 2000 a small group of economics students of Ecole Normale
Superiore put on the web a petition protesting against economics'
"uncontrolled use of mathematics". This indulgence, it said, creates "a
true schizophrenia" because the mathematics has "become an end in itself"
resulting in an "autistic science".
Since that time PAE became a worldwide movement, with the following
petition: We, economics students in the universities of ..., declare
ourselves to be generally dissatisfied with the teaching that we receive.
This is so for the following reasons:
1. We wish to escape from imaginary worlds!
2. We oppose the uncontrolled use of mathematics!
3. We are for a pluralism of approaches in economics!
4. Call to teachers: wake up before it is too late!
We no longer want to have this autistic science imposed on us.
In the lecture the logical structure of theoretical (mathematical)
economics will be summarized, to pinpoint the causes of this present
schizophrenia.
12 November 4:00 PM 6th floor 6.54
(Language: Hungarian)
P a n e l D i s c u s s i o n
Panelists:
Imre Kondor(1)(2)
Tamas Matolcsi(3)
Istvan Nemeti(4)
Laszlo Palla(5)
Miklos Redei(6)
Peter Van(7)
Moderator:
Laszlo E. Szabo(5)(6)
____________
(1) Raiffeisen Bank, Budapest
(2) Physics of Complex Systems, Eotvos University, Budapest
(3) Applied Analysis, Eotvos University, Budapest
(4) A. Renyi Institute of Mathematics, Budapest
(5) Theoretical Physics, Eotvos University, Budapest
(6) History and Philosophy of Science, Eotvos University, Budapest
(7) Chemical Physics, Technical University, Budapest
A fizika es a matematika viszonya
(Relation Between Physics and Mathematics)
"Ugy tunik, a Nagy epitomester matematikus volt", idezi Feynman Jeans
szavait, majd hozzateszi, "A fizikusok ... ha a termeszetrol akarnak
ismereteket szerezni, meltanyolni akarjak annak szepsegeit, akkor erteniuk
kell azt a nyelvet, amelyen hozzank szol."
Igaz-e, hogy a termeszet egy meghatarozott nyelven szol hozzank? Ha igen,
honnan tudjuk mi ezt a nyelvet? A termeszettol tanuljuk meg? Ha nem, ha a
matematikanak van egy belso, ontorvenyu fejlodese, ha a matematika az
emberi szellem termeke, akkor honnan az a parhuzam, hogy a termeszet
ugyanazt a nyelvet beszeli, mint amit mi, tole fuggetlenul, kitalalunk?
Egyaltalan, csupan nyelvrol van itt szo? A matematika szerepe a fizikaban
nem tobb, mint egy nyelv, amelyen a "termeszet szepseget" elmeseljuk?
Vagy a matematikai strukturak valahol melyen ott ulnek a fizikai
valosagban? Ha nem, akkor csak mi belevetitjuk, belelatjuk ezeket a
strukturakat a fizikai vilagba? Ha ez igy volna, belevetithetnenk egeszen
mas strukturakat is? s ha igen, ha a termeszet nem kontrollalja azokat a
strukturakat, amiket raaggatunk, akkor a matematikus barmit kitalalhat?
Mi ezeknek a matematikai strukturaknak az ontologiai statusza? Leteznek
ezek? Valahol vannak, az embertol, az emberi gondolkodastol, az emberiseg
tortenelmetol fuggetlenul? Az a matematikus dolga, hogy ezeket
"felfedezze", vagy az, hogy "megalkossa"? Van ertelme a SETI program
kereteben az "a2+b2=c2" formulat elkuldeni tavoli ertelmes lenyeknek? s a
Maxwell-egyenleteket?
Egyaltalan, erdekli a fizikust, mikozben a matematikat hasznalja, hogy
milyen valaszokat adunk a matematika alapjait erinto kerdesekre? Van
kulonbseg a fizikus szamara a platonista, az intuicionista vagy a
formalista allaspont kozott?
19 November 4:00 PM 6th floor 6.54
(Language: Hungarian)
P e t e r S z e g e d i
Department of History and Philosophy Science
Eotvos University, Budapest
A kvantummechanika stochasztikus interpretaciojanak tortenete
(The History of the Stochastic Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics)
Mar Schrodinger felfedezte, hogy a rola elnevezett egyenlet formailag
hasonlo egyes stochasztikus folyamatokat leiro egyenletekhez, de
felfedezesevel nem kezdett semmi kulonoset. Elsokent Fenyes Imre vette
komolyan az analogiat, aki eloszor egy maig is joforman ismeretlen rovid
angol nyelvu kozlemenyben, majd egy hires nemet nyelvu cikkben dolgozta ki
elkepzeleseit. Az utobbi tanulmanyhoz mar interpretaciot is fuzott, amely
szerint a kvantummechanika nem kulonbozik lenyegesen a klasszikus fizika
stochasztikus jelensegkoretol, sajatossagai csupan a valoszinusegi
targyalasmod kovetkezmenyei. Fenyes szazad kozepi munkajat nehanyan
azonnal kovettek, de igazan nevezetesse csak Nelson valt a 60-as evek
kozepen, aki a kvantummechanikai jelensegeket tulajdonkeppen egy
"alacsonyabb szinten" levo Brown-mozgasnak tulajdonitotta. Idokozben az
elektrodinamikaban elkezdtek vizsgalni, hogy milyen kovetkezmenyekkel jar
bizonyos fizikai rendszerekre, ha hatarfeltetelul stochasztikus
elektrodinamikai eroket (tereket) teteleznek fel. Az igy kapott eredmenyek
konvergaltak a stochasztikus interpretacion munkalkodok eredmenyeivel.
Letrejott a stochasztikus elektrodinamika mint a kvantummechanika
lehetseges interpretacioja, sot alternativaja.
Az eloadas a torteneti leiras mellett megprobalja felvazolni az egyes
elmeletek alapjait, fo gondolatait, valamint ezek kovetkezmenyeit is.
26 November 4:00 PM 6th floor 6.54
(Language: English)
R y s z a r d W o j c i c k i
Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Polish Academe of Sciences, Warsaw
MULTI-REFERENTIAL SEMANTICS
The talk is related to some results I have presented in my book on
consequence operation published by Kluwer. We expect consequence operation
to preserve truth. Now the idea of truth might be in a sense
"multidimentional". Depending on a reference point one might view the same
sentence as either true of false.
I shall focus on informal (philosophical) questions rather than formal
ones.
The organizer of the seminar: L�szl� E. Szab�
--
Laszlo E. Szabo
Department of Theoretical Physics
Department of History and Philosophy of Science
Eotvos University, Budapest
H-1518 Budapest, Pf. 32, Hungary
Phone/Fax: (36-1)372-2924
Home: (36-1) 200-7318
Mobil/SMS: (36) 20-366-1172
http://hps.elte.hu/~leszabo
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*
| A FIZINFO a fizikus informacios rendszer resze |
| |
| Cikk, hozzaszolas a |
| |
| Fizinfo(a)lists.kfki.hu |
| |
| cimre kuldheto. Ilyenkor a subject-sorba a cikk cimet kell irni. |
| A cikk szovege a level torzse. Ez sima szoveg legyen! |
| |
| Informacio: http://sunserv.kfki.hu/mailman/listinfo/fizinfo |
| |
| A beerkezo levelek feldolgozasat program vegzi. Az emberi valaszt |
| igenylo kerest, kerdest az alabbi cimek valamelyikere lehet megirni: |
| |
| Jenik Livia jenik(a)rmki.kfki.hu |
| Kiraly Peterne kiraly(a)sunserv.kfki.hu |
| |
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*
Kis adalek az angol felsooktatas belso vitaihoz,
a hasonlatossag a magyar helyzettel nem veletlen.
A foszereplo, Susan Blackmore valoban egy hires konyv
szerkesztoje es szerzoje, jol ismert nev a kognitiv
vilagban.
udv kgy
================================================
Kampis Gyorgy, tanszekvezeto
Tudomanytortenet es Tudomanyfilozofia Tanszek,
ELTE, 1518 Budapest, P.O. Box 32.
Tel./FAX: (36) 1 372 2924
email: gk(a)hps.elte.hu http://hps.elte.hu/~gk
================================================
Subject: Re: Academic quits over rise in bureaucracy
Date: Wed, 24 Oct 2001 11:22:06 +0100
From: "Benn, Piers M W" <p.benn(a)IC.AC.UK>
To: PHILOS-L(a)LISTSERV.LIV.AC.UK
Nathan Widder has put the point very nicely. The phoney managerial style
that is embodied in the QAA is indeed comic, and this would be more obvious
if the process did not create as much anxiety as it does. I would add that
what the QAA looks for has little to do with good teaching, since that is
really about the quality of what you say to your students and your clarity
and enthusiasm in doing so. This is almost impossible to test through a
system whose main obsession is form (aims, objectives, and other spuriously
differentiated categories) rather than content.
It will not do to say the QAA does some good. Perhaps it does, but it also
does more harm. Like the RAE, it should simply be abolished.
Piers Benn
Subject: Re: Academic quits over rise in bureaucracy
Date: Wed, 24 Oct 2001 09:52:32 +0100
From: newidder <N.E.Widder(a)EXETER.AC.UK>
To: PHILOS-L(a)LISTSERV.LIV.AC.UK
>As far as I understand it, the QAA has been involved in attempting to
>improve* the quality of education in Britain,
With respect, you really misunderstand.
I certainly don't want to suggest that universities ought to be elitest. That
said, I've worked in places which are of similar status to UWE, and while
there were some very bright and motivated students, the atmosphere of the
whole institution made it very difficult to work there. I suppose I can
understand someone leaving that sort of institution with the feeling that
universities are too open to students who really don't belong there.
Ironically, former polytechnics like UWE usually do very well in the QAA
audits, because they are very bureaucratized already and so have all the
systems in place that the QAA wants. It's the older institutions who often
have to make up these systems in the 6 months to a year before the assessors
arrive who struggle.
The problem, as is fairly clear to anyone who even casually observes UK higher
education, let alone those who work in it, is that both Tory and Labour
governments have forced university expansion without providing the funds to do
it -- cutting funds in real terms in fact, as well as cutting salaries. The
QAA audits aren't designed to assess the problems in a department in order to
better understand why these problems are there and what needs to be done to
alleviate them (i.e., by providing sufficient funds not only for lectureships
but for support staff, library resources, the list could go on), but only in
order to condemn the department for failing to reach the required standards.
Even if the intent is not to cut funds further (and who would trust that
that's not the case), a low audit score damages the department in league
tables and ratings, and so only makes it even more difficult for everyone to
do his/her job. The result is that all bets are off because the entire
process can only be confrontational. The institutions just have to do what
they can to get a score of 22 or above, by hook or by crook.
>and not just with making more
>paperwork.
Well, frankly the entire audit is nothing more than a paper process (or a
collective rectal exam, really something of both). Moreover, it works on a
pseudo-scientific notion of professional management that's so ludicrous it's
amazing anyone participates in the process with a straight face. The
department has to list its aims and objectives for its students -- the skills
it seeks to give them -- and then has to show that it can "prove" that the
student gets them. How do you "know" that students gain "oral skills"?
Apprently only by having assessed oral presentations rather than simply
unassessed ones. Now, the fact that the assessed presentations can only count
about 10 percent of the final mark for a module, which means that a student
can easily fail all of his/her presentations and still leave university, seems
to slip the QAA's minds.
Moreover, and this directly increases paperwork, the departments need to have
paper trails to document every decision and discussion made. Fine, you say,
departments should be able to explain themselves. But the consequence is that
informal ways of dealing with problems -- which are often better for
particular consequences than formal procedures -- can no longer be used.
There are ways to deal with graduate teachers having problems teaching other
then having a lecture disrupt an entire discussion group by sitting in on the
class, then documenting the discussion that the lecturer has with the graduate
teacher afterwards, to be signed by both lecturer and teacher. Frankly, since
the departments don't usually have sufficient graduate help to meet their
teaching needs as they stand, let alone replace people, it's a useless
procedure anyway -- there's no one to replace the lousy teacher. But again,
that's a resource problem the QAA can't acknowledge.
When their suggestions are not followed, how can any improvement
>be expected? It doesn't take an expert to see where some of the problems
>lie. When students can go directly into a PhD program following graduation
>from a 3-year BA, how beneficial can that be - to quality, to the next
>generation of students, and to society?
With respect again, that rarely happens. Unfortunately, the motivation for
making students take an MA is that it forces them to pay an extra year of
fees. Again, of course, the problem is that the institution's resources have
been squeezed dry. Moreover, MA courses that are offered are usually no more
than repeats of third year courses. The reasons: (1) staff are already
committed to too much undergraduate teaching to have to create a whole new set
of courses for MA level, so at best they can only tweak their undergraduate
offerings and that's what gets offered; (2) the stress to recruit MA students,
especially high fee overseas students means that the MA's have to appeal to
students who have not had a background in the field. An MA programme in
political theory, for example, ends up recruiting people who took
undergraduate degrees in literature, public policy, political science with
little theory in it, history, the list could go on. Moreover, because the net
has to be cast wide to get enough students so the MA can turn a profit, the
quality of the MA students ends up being lower than the undergraduates -- at
least, the scores they need to get into an MA programme at an institution are
lower than what an incoming undergraduate needs (whether that means the
quality of the students themselves is lower depends on whether you think the
scores accurately reflect the quality I suppose).
Nathan
Dr. Nathan Widder
Lecturer in Political Theory
University of Exeter
Department of Politics
Amory Building
Rennes Drive
Exeter EX4 4RJ
United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0)1392 263 183
Fax: +44 (0)1392 263 305
http://www.ex.ac.uk/shipss/politics/staff/widder/
Messages to the list are archived at http://listserv.liv.ac.uk/archives/philos-l.html.
Other philosophical resources on the Web can be found at http://www.liv.ac.uk/Philosophy/philos.html
Subject: Academic quits over rise in bureaucracy
Date: Tue, 23 Oct 2001 15:43:58 +0100
From: Scott Campbell <scott.campbell(a)NOTTINGHAM.AC.UK>
To: PHILOS-L(a)LISTSERV.LIV.AC.UK
The QAA claims another victim:
----------------
Academic quits over rise in bureaucracy
Tim Greenhalgh
19 October 2001
Intolerable bureaucratic demands have driven Sue Blackmore, a prominent
expert in consciousness, from university teaching and research and into the
media industry.
Dr Blackmore has left her job as reader in psychology at the University of
the West of England to pursue a career as an academic writer and
broadcaster. Her decision was made after a year's unpaid leave of absence.
She said this week that while it would be "damned difficult" to make a
viable living from writing, TV and radio work, it would be a relief from
the growing pointlessness of institutional academic life, where the joy of
thinking had been nudged aside by paperwork.
"The growing teaching burden and the administrative burden made me think
about the pointlessness of it all. There were the mindless meetings,
timesheets, justifying every lecture on the basis of aims and outcomes
rather than having the freedom to occasionally just go into a lecture
theatre and talk freely about any given subject," she said.
Dr Blackmore said that the rapid widening of access to institutional higher
education had been a mistake. It had devalued the degree as a mark of
quality and learning. It had also devalued and demoralised those who taught.
"It was too elite when I was a student at Oxford University but too many
students are struggling now, doing it because it's what they need. There's
no value here if what's been learnt is neither used nor enjoyed. It's gone
far enough.
"People will find other ways to study and we need to be much more
imaginative about lifelong learning," she said.
Dr Blackmore said that the degree system should not be based on status or
wealth but should have an element of elitism.
She said:"I'm very keen on the idea that the people in the best
universities should be the best, the cleverest, most able and most
intelligent people. They should be paid to go there."
Dr Blackmore said the government, concerned as it is with excellence, could
transform academic culture by abolishing the Quality Assurance Agency and
call a halt to any further research assessment exercises.
Dr Blackmore is writing a textbook on consciousness, as well as writing and
broadcasting.
-------------------
__________________________________
Dr Scott Campbell,
Department of Philosophy,
University of Nottingham,
University Park, Nottingham,
NG7 2RD, U.K.
and:
Institute for the Study of Genetics,
Biorisks and Society (IGBiS),
University of Nottingham.
(44 + 115) 8466 964
__________________________________
Messages to the list are archived at http://listserv.liv.ac.uk/archives/philos-l.html.
Other philosophical resources on the Web can be found at http://www.liv.ac.uk/Philosophy/philos.html
Philosophy of Science Seminar
Department of History and Philosophy of Science
Budapest, Pazmany Setany 1/A
(http://hps.elte.hu/deminar)
_______________________________________
29** October 4:00 PM 6th floor 6.54
Sandor Soos
HPS, Eotvos, Budapest
Mit jelent a "Mit jelent a faj?" kerdes?
(What does the "What do species mean?" question mean? )
A cimbe agyazott kerdes egy specialis fajtabol valo: egyarant folmerul -
es egyarant vitatott - a biologia es a tudomanyfilozofia teruleten, s
szovevenyesen osszefonodik a metafizika/ontologia osregi problemaival.
Specialis helyzetebol adodoan a valasz szamos iranyban keresheto - mas
elegtene ki a biologust, s megint mas a metaszintu diszciplinak
kepviselojet. Az eloadas fo celkituzese eppen annak feltarasa, hogy hany
ill. hanyfele ertelmet explikalhatjuk a kerdesnek az eddigi
valaszkiserletek, s azon kontextusok alapjan, amelyekben gyakran
elofordul. A "species problem" elnevezesu tematika egy olyan, attekinto
terkepet kivanja megrajzolni, ahol a biologia fajfogalmai, az
arisztotelianus es a Quine-i (valamint a kognitv pszichologiai) termeszeti
fajtak, a formalis ontologia osztaly- es individuumfogalmai stb. nyujtanak
tampontot a tajekozodashoz.
** The organizer of the seminar wants to apologize to the lecturer and the
participants for being absent from the talk of 29 October, because of a
short visit to Holland.
The organizer of the seminar: Laszlo E. Szabo
Hirdetmeny!
Toth Imre eloadasa a nov. 1 miatt megegy hettel eltolodik! Tehat:
Toth Imre
(Az Isten es geometria c. konyv szerzoje)
Matematika-torteneti eloadasok
Muszaki Egyetem
St.(Stoczek) ep. IV.27
November 8-tol egy honapon at
minden csutortok este 6-8-ig
_______________________
Feher Marta
Kedves Barataim !
Most csutortokon, azaz 25-en
17 orakor konyvbemutato lesz az OSIRIS KONYVESBOLTban, Veres Palne utca.
Bemutatott konyvek
A. Baddeley: Az emberi emlekezet
Oatley es Jenkins: Az erzelmek vilaga
M. Donald: Az emberi gondolkodas eredete
D. Sperber: A kultura magyarazata
Felvezetot mond Buda Bela es Pleh Csaba
Mindekit szerettel varunk.
Pleh Csaba
Csaba Pleh, professor of psychology
Department of Information Management
Technical University of Budapest Budapest Sztoczek u. 2 H-1111
Phone: (361) 4631832, Fax: (361)4631225 email: pleh(a)itm.bme.hu
also at the Department of Psychology, University of Szeged
Home: Budakeszi Zichy P. u. 4 H-2092 Hungary (36)(23)453933 Fax:932
Editor: Hungarian Review of Psychology