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[evol-psych] Structural cues make 'six degrees' phenomenon work (fwd)

by Csaba PLEH

Csaba Pleh Pleh Csaba Cognitive Science Group Megismerestudomanyi Csoport Department of Psychology Pszichologiai Tanszek University of Szeged Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem Szeged Petofi sgt 30-34, 6722 Hungary Telefon/Phone: (36)(62) 544691 Lakas/Home: Budakeszi Zichy P. u. 4 2092 Hungary (36)(23) 453932 or 933 Fax: (36(23)453932 Mobile: (0620) 3278922 WEB: http//www.jate.u-szeged.hu/~pleh Hungarian Review of Psychology Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle editor foszerkeszto ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Wed, 23 Aug 2000 19:07:58 +0100 From: Ian Pitchford <ian.pitchford(a)scientist.com> To: evolutionary-psychology(a)egroups.com Subject: [evol-psych] Structural cues make 'six degrees' phenomenon work FOR RELEASE: 23 AUGUST 2000 AT 14:00 ET US Cornell University News Service http://www.news.cornell.edu/ Structural cues make 'six degrees' phenomenon work ITHACA, N.Y. -- We all know it's a small world: Any one of us is only about six acquaintances away from anyone else. Even in the vast confusion of the World Wide Web, on the average, one page is only about 16 to 20 clicks away from any other. But how, without being able to see the whole map, can we get a message to a person who is only "six degrees of separation" away? A Cornell University computer scientist has concluded that the answer lies in personal networking: We use "structural cues" in our local network of friends. "It's a collective phenomenon. Collectively the network knows how to find people even if no one person does," says Jon Kleinberg, assistant professor of computer science, who published his explanation in the latest issue (Aug. 24) of the journal Nature. His research is based on a computer model showing that an "ideal" network structure is one in which connections spread out in an "inverse square" pattern. In human terms that means that an "ideal" person in the model would have just about as many friends in the rest of the county as in the neighborhood, just as many in the rest of the state as in the county, just as many in the whole nation as in the state, and so on, as you might find in a highly mobile society. Kleinberg's answers might have a very practical use in helping to reduce the number of clicks needed when surfing the web, as well as helping to speed up other kinds of networks. Although Kleinberg has been instrumental in the development of improved search engines for the web, he doesn't see this work as applying to traditional search engines. They already have the "big picture" of the network, he explains, since they work from indexes of the web. Rather, he sees it being useful in the construction of "agents," computer programs that will jump around the web looking for specific information. It could also apply to the distribution of data over the Internet, where computers called routers must send packets of information on their way toward their destinations without knowing what the state of the network is outside of their own immediate neighborhood. Kleinberg has shown that a computer algorithm (the basic design for a program) can choose the best way to send a message to a faraway place in a network even if it has knowledge only about the characteristics of its immediate neighborhood. "The correlation between local structure and long-range connections provides fundamental cues for finding paths through the network," he writes in the Nature paper. Kleinberg's work is a refinement of an earlier study by two other Cornellians, Steven H. Strogatz, professor of theoretical and applied mechanics, and his graduate student, Duncan Watts, now an assistant professor in Columbia University's sociology department. Strogatz and Watts offered a mathematical explanation for the results of a landmark experiment performed in the 1960s at Harvard by social psychologist Stanley Milgram. The researcher gave letters to randomly chosen residents of Omaha, Neb., and asked them to deliver the letters to people in Massachusetts by passing them from one person to another. The average number of steps turned out to be about six, giving rise to the popular notion of "six degrees of separation," and eventually the "six degrees of Kevin Bacon" game in which actors are connected by their movie appearances with other actors. Strogatz and Watts created a mathematical model of a network in which each point, or node, is closely connected to many other nodes nearby. When they added just a few random connections between a few widely separated nodes, messages could travel from one node to any other much faster than the size of the network would suggest. The six degrees of separation idea works, they said, because in every small group of friends there are a few people who have wider connections, either geographically or across social divisions. They also showed that such cross-connected networks exist not only between human beings but also in such diverse places as computer networks, power grids and the human brain. But Kleinberg has found mathematically that the model proposed by Strogatz and Watts doesn't explain how messages can travel so quickly through real human networks. "The Strogatz-Watts model had random connections between nodes. Completely random connections bring everyone closer together," Kleinberg explains, "but a computer algorithm would have only local information. The long-range connections are so random that it [the algorithm] gets lost." So Kleinberg designed a model in which nodes are arranged in a square grid and each node is connected randomly to others but with "a bias based on geography." As a result each node is connected to many nearby, a few at a longer distance and even fewer at a great distance -- the "inverse square" structure. "This bias builds in the structural cues in my long-range connections, and it's the bias that is implicitly guiding you to the target," Kleinberg explains. "In the Strogatz-Watts model, there is no bias at all and, hence, no cues -- the structure of the long-range connections gives you no information at all about the underlying network structure." The sender of a message in this system doesn't know where all the connections are but does know the general geographic direction of the destination, and if messages are sent in that direction, Kleinberg says, they arrive much faster than they would by completely random travel. Kleinberg explains, "The Watts and Strogatz model is sort of like a large group of people who know each other purely through electronic chat on the Internet. If you are given the user ID of someone you don't know, it's really hard to guess which of your friends is liable to help you forward a message to them. "The inverse square model is more like the geographic view of Milgram's experiment -- if you live on the West Coast and need to forward a message to someone in Ithaca, you can guess that a resident of New York state is a good first step in the chain. They are more likely to know someone in the Finger Lakes region, who in turn is more likely to know someone in Ithaca and so forth. Knowing that our distribution of friends is correlated with the geography lets you form guesses about how to forward the message quickly." The geographic information on the grid, he adds, is an analogue of the social connections between people. Just as nodes on his simulated network choose the correct geographical direction to send a message, so humans may choose a social direction: A mathematician who wants to send a message to a politician might start by handing it to a lawyer. On the other hand, he says, "When long-range connections are generated uniformly at random, our model describes a world in which short chains exist but individuals, faced with a disorienting array of social contacts, are unable to find them." The paper in Nature is titled "Navigation in a Small World." Related World Wide Web sites: The following sites provide additional information on this news release. Some might not be part of the Cornell University community, and Cornell has no control over their content or availability. -- Jon Kleinberg's home page: http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/kleinber -- Nature: http://www.nature.com http://www.eurekalert.org/releases/cuns-scm082200.html --------------------------------------------------------------------<e|- GET A NEXTCARD VISA, in 30 seconds! Get rates of 2.9% Intro or 9.9% Ongoing APR* and no annual fee! Apply NOW! http://click.egroups.com/1/7872/8/_/3786/_/967055059/ --------------------------------------------------------------------|e>- To subscribe/unsubscribe/select DIGEST go to: http://www.egroups.com/group/evolutionary-psychology Extinct Humans by Ian Tattersall, Jeffrey H. Schwartz http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0813334829/darwinanddarwini/ Evolutionary Psychology Archive: 6500+ Items http://www.human-nature.com/darwin/index.html

25 years, 9 months

[E-Conf] Cognitive Modeling in Linguistics2000 (fwd)

by Csaba PLEH

25 years, 9 months

info-psyling-digest V1 #31 (fwd)

by Pleh Csaba

Pleh Csaba egyetemi tanar Professor Csaba Pleh Megismerestudomanyi Csoport Cognitive Science Group Pszichologia Tanszek Department of Psychology Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem University of Szeged Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle Hungarian Review of Psychology foszerkeszto editor Szeged Petofi sgt. 30, H-6722 Hungary Phone: (36(62)544691 Home: Budakeszi, Zichy P. u 4, 2092 Phone: (36)(23)453933,06203278922 Mobile: (0620)3278922 Fax: (36)(23)453932 email: pleh(a)edpsy.u-szeged.hu Homepage: www.jate.u-szeged.hu/~pleh ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Mon, 14 Aug 2000 01:37:03 +0100 (BST) From: info-psyling-digest <owner-info-psyling-digest(a)gla.ac.uk> To: info-psyling-digest(a)gla.ac.uk Subject: info-psyling-digest V1 #31 Resent-Date: Mon, 14 Aug 100 3:00:51 +100 Resent-From: PLEH(a)izabell.elte.hu Resent-To: pleh(a)sol.cc.u-szeged.hu info-psyling-digest Monday, August 14 2000 Volume 01 : Number 031 This digest covers the subjects listed below (indicating also the originator): POSTDOCTORAL POSITION IN SYDNEY (Sally Andrews <s.andrews(a)unsw.edu.au>) Re: InfoPsyling (Charles Perfetti <perfetti+(a)pitt.edu>) U of R working papers (Joyce McDonough <joyce(a)ling.rochester.edu>) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Wed, 9 Aug 2000 17:21:43 +1000 (EST) From: Sally Andrews <s.andrews(a)unsw.edu.au> Subject: POSTDOCTORAL POSITION IN SYDNEY POSTDOCTORAL POSITION IN SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA I am seeking a post-doctoral fellow to join me in researching issues related to lexical processing of visual word forms. My current research grants have three main foci: 1. Investigating the "perceptual unit" underlying processing of visual word forms 2. Using reaction distribution analyses and mathematical modeling to explore the common and task-specific processes contributing to performance in different word identification tasks. 3. Evaluating how orthographic processing is modulated by the different mapping relationships that characterise different alphabetic languages. Applicants with interests in these or related areas, and particularly those with skills in computational or mathematical modeling, are encouraged to apply. I am based at the University of New South Wales which is close to both the centre of Sydney and to magnificant exemplars of Australian beaches. Although at the "bottom of the world", Sydney has a relatively large group of psycholinguistic researchers with interests in lexical access both here and at Macquarie University where Max Coltheart and others have established the Macquarie Centre for Cognitive Science. The position is initially available for 1 year but may be able to be renewed contingent on further funding. Salary range: $A41,257-$45,580 Please email CV specifying your educational and research background and experience and your particular research interests to: s.andrews(a)unsw.edu.au Sally Andrews ************************************* Associate Professor Sally Andrews Head of School, School of Psychology University of New South Wales Sydney, 2052 Australia Phone: 61-2-93853034 Fax: 61-2-93851193 Email: S.Andrews(a)unsw.edu.au ************************************* ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 09 Aug 2000 12:10:23 -0400 From: Charles Perfetti <perfetti+(a)pitt.edu> Subject: Re: InfoPsyling > 1. Post-doctoral fellowship: Montreal > 2. Research Assistant/Postdoctoral position: MIT > 3. Research Fellow: Edinburgh > 4. Postdoctoral fellowship in fMRI: Groningen > 5. Research assistant: Cambridge > 6. Third Annual Undergraduate > Workshop in Cognitive Science and Cognitive Neuroscience > 7. Conference: On the Consequences of Meaning Selection: UT Austin > 8. Two brief queries > > ************************************************* > > 1. Post-doctoral fellowship in Montreal > > From: Helene Kaufman <kaufmanh(a)magellan.umontreal.ca> > > > JOB OPENING > > The international research group on the Mental Lexicon, funded by > the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada > (Director and Co-principal investigator: Dr. Gonia Jarema, at > Universite de Montreal; Co-principal investigator: Dr. Eva > Kehayia, at McGill University and Co-prinicipal investigator, Dr. > Gary Libben, at University of Alberta) has a position open for a > Post-Doctoral fellow in Montreal at the Research Centre of the > Institut universitaire de geriatrie de Montreal. > > Candidates must have a Ph.D. with a specialization in psycho > and/or neurolinguistics. Preference will be given to candidates > with research experience on the mental lexicon. The fellowship is > a one-year position, starting on April 3, 2000. Salary: in > accordance with the norms in force at the Universite de Montreal. > > Applicants should be interested in conducting cross-language > research on the mental lexicon as part of an international > collaborative research initiative. The candidate will also be > expected to mentor graduate students working on the project. > > Interested candidates should forward their curriculum vitae, a > summary of their doctoral dissertation, a 1- to 2-page research > proposal, and two letters of reference to Dr. Gonia Jarema, > Project Director, by January 14, 2000. > > Mailing address: > > Centre de recherche Institut universitaire de geriatrie de > Montreal 4565 Queen Mary Road Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W5 > > fax: 514-340-3548 e-mail: jarema(a)ere.umontreal.ca NB: Attachments > in Word 6.0 or equivalent please > > PLEASE POST IN YOUR DEPARTMENTS AND CIRCULATE > > > *************************************************** > > 2. Research Assistant/Postdoctoral position, MIT > > > From: "Mary C. Potter" <molly(a)psyche.mit.edu> > > RESEARCH ASSISTANT or POSTDOCTORAL POSITION IN COGNITION AT MIT > > Mary C. Potter is seeking a research assistant (Technical > Assistant) and/or a postdoctoral fellow/associate, starting as > soon as possible. > > My current research is on conceptual short-term attention and > memory, including the attentional blink, competition between > words in visual attention, the influence of sentence context on > visual word perception and selection, picture encoding and > memory, and crossmodal processing. > > The Technical Assistant or postdoc will have primary > responsibility for running the lab, including supervising > undergraduate research assistants, preparing and running > experiments (with undergraduates as subjects), and analyzing > data. A postdoc would collaborate on projects and would have some > freedom to initiate projects within the domain of my grant. The > research community in our building provides a good work > environment, with opportunities to become acquainted with the > work of students and faculty in the cognitive science section. > > Requirements for the research position include a B.A. or B.S > degree, some experience in experimental research (preferably in > cognition, language, or perception), and experience with > programming Macintosh computers (not just word-processing). Other > programming experience is a plus. A postdoctoral candidate would > need, in addition, a Ph.D in experimental psychology, > psycholinguistics, or a related field. > > To apply, please email, fax, or write me, enclosing a resume and > the names and telephone numbers of at least two people as > references. I'll be happy to answer any questions about the > position. MIT is an affirmative action/equal opportunity > employer, and minority and women applicants are encouraged to > apply. > > Mary C. Potter (Molly) Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences > NE20-453 MIT Cambridge MA 02139 > > molly(a)psyche.mit.edu (617)253-5526 or 868-1436 FAX 617-258-8654 > > ********************************************************** > > 3. Research Fellow: Edinburgh > > > From: "Martin Pickering" <martin(a)psy.gla.ac.uk> > > DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY > > RESEARCH FELLOW > > Required for a fixed term of three years in psycholinguistics. > You will join a large research team working on varied aspects of > human language processing and will conduct original research > within this area. Applicants should have relevant postdoctoral > research experience and a good publication record. > > Salary range : UK 21,597 to 30,065 p.a. > > Please quote ref : 776924 > > Informal enquiries to : Martin Pickering (martin(a)psy.gla.ac.uk). > > > Further particulars including details of the application > procedure should be obtained from the Personnel Department, 1 > Roxburgh Street, Edinburgh EH8 9TB or Tel: 0131-650-2511 (24 > hour answering service). > > http://www.personnel.ed.ac.uk/recruit.htm > > > Closing date: 14 January 2000 > > ****************************************************** > > 4. Postdoctoral fellowship in fMRI: Groningen > > from: L.A.Stowe(a)let.rug.nl (Laurie Stowe) > > > Functional MRI Postdoctoral Position School of Behavioral and > Cognitive Neuroscience University of Groningen, The Netherlands > > A two-year post-doctoral fellowship to start as soon as possible. > The candidate should have some experience with neuroimaging, > preferably using functional magnetic resonance imaging applied to > an area of neurology/neuropsychology/neurolinguistics. Expertise > in either the methodology itself or in the statistical analysis > of such data is desired or equivalent experience which can > readily be extended for use with this methodology. > > The focus of the project is the use of the neuro-imaging > technique of functional MRI to investigate the processing of > language by normal adults and by groups with various language > processing problems. The postdoctoral fellow will function as > part of a tema with responsibility for developing the methodology > to be applied in such studies and analyzing experimental data. > The experiments will be coordinated with other research within > the project, with the goal of developing a set of paradigms which > can be applied across a variety of neurological conditions to > extend our knowledge of the variation within within the > neuroanatomy of language processing. > > To apply, send a cv and letters of recommendation, and references > to articles available viainternet to L.A.Stowe(a)let.rug.nl. The > letters of recommendation may also be electronic. If you wish to > apply by mail, use the address below. > > Forfurther information, please contact Dr. Laurie A. Stowe at: > Dept. of Linguistics +31 50 6366627 Faculty of Letters RuG > Postbus 716 9700 AS Groningen, Netherlands or: > L.A.Stowe(a)let.rug.nl > > > > Laurie A. Stowe Postbus 716 Dept. of Linguistics 9700 AS Goningen > Faculty of Letters RuG The Netherlands tel: +31 50 363 6627 fax: > +31 50 363 6855 email: L.A.Stowe(a)let.rug.nl > > ****************************************************** > > 5. Research assistant: Cambridge > > From: lktyler(a)csl.psychol.cam.ac.uk (L.K. Tyler) > > UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE CENTRE FOR SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT > OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY > > > Research Assistant (full or part-time) > > > Applications are invited for a Research Assistant to work as part > of a multi-disciplinary team, led by Professor L K. Tyler, > working on language processing in healthy subjects and > brain-damaged patients. The post will involve designing, running > and analysing experimental studies with adult subjects. > Candidates should have an appropriate background in > psycholinguistics or experimental psychology, and have experience > in using experimental software and in data analysis. Good > computing skills would be an advantage. > > Salary will be on the RA1B scale within the 16286 - 18185 range > (according to age and experience) for the full-time post, and pro > rated accordingly for a part-time post. The position is funded > from January 1 1999 August 31 2000. Applications in the form of > a covering letter, full c.v. and the names and addresses of two > referees should be sent to Professor L. K. Tyler, Department of > Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, > Cambridge CB2 3EB, or by email [lktyler(a)csl.psychol.cam.ac.uk] > to arrive no later than 22 December 1999. > > The University of Cambridge is an equal opportunities employer. > > > ****************************************************** > > 6. Third Annual Undergraduate Workshop in Cognitive Science and > Cognitive Neuroscience > > > From: trueswel(a)cattell.psych.upenn.edu (John Trueswell) > > > > Friends and colleagues, > > This email is to let you know about the Third Annual > Undergraduate Workshop in Cognitive Science and Cognitive > Neuroscience, to be held at Penn's Institute for Research in > Cognitive Science, June 5-23, 2000. > > I'm writing to ask if you could help spread the news of the > workshop to your undergrads and faculty colleagues. If you > could, please forward this announcement to undergraduates and > colleagues via email. > > Last year's workshop was a big success. The students were > excellent, and they provided very positive reviews of the > seminars, labs, and panel discussions. Next year's workshop > should be a lot of fun, and we think your undergraduates might be > interested in applying. > > Also, if you are currently teaching a cognitive science-related > course, please consider distributing this information to your > class. > > Thanks for your help! > > John Trueswell Co-Coordinator of the IRCS Summer Workshop > > > =*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*= > > Third Annual Undergraduate Summer Workshop in Cognitive Science > and Cognitive Neuroscience > > University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA June 5 - 23, 2000 > > To apply for the workshop, please see our on-line application > form at: > > http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~ircs/events/ugradsumwork.html > > The deadline for receipt of applications is March 1, 2000. > > Each year, the cognitive science community at the University of > Pennsylvania brings together the best and brightest undergraduate > students from around the world who are interested in the growing > fields of cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience. > > The workshop is held on Penn's campus, at the Institute for > Research in Cognitive Science, site of the National Science > Foundation's Science and Technology Center for Research in > Cognitive Science with the cooperation of the Center for > Cognitive Neuroscience. > > As a workshop participant, you can: > > * Hear lectures from distinguished researchers in the fields of > cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience > > * Participate in labs and lab tours involving some of the latest > technologies and research methods > > * Present your own work through our Student Poster Session > > * Participate in panel discussions on the future of cognitive > science and cognitive neuroscience > > Labs and Tours: > > * Free-Head Eye Tracking Lab in Language Processing > > * Language Development Lab > > * Graphics, Animation, and Human Modeling Lab > > * Language Corpus Analysis Lab > > * Event-Related Potential (ERP) Lab > > * Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Lab > > * Cognitive Neurology Stroke Lab > > Lecture Topics: > > * Primate Communication > > * Real-time Language Processing > > * Language Development > > * Learning, Memory and Attention > > * Working Memory and Executive Function > > * Human and Machine Vision > > * Computational Modeling of Language and Cognition > > * Statistical Natural Language Processing > > > Participating IRCS faculty include: > > Norman Badler, Steven Bird, Anjan Chatterjee, Dorothy Cheney, > Robin Clark, Martha Farah, Leif Finkel, Lila Gleitman, Aravind > Joshi, John Kounios, Mark Liberman, Mitch Marcus, Dimitris > Metaxas, Martha Palmer, Ellen Prince, Maribel Romero, Robert > Seyfarth, Mark Steedman, C. J. Taylor, Sharon Thompson-Schill, > John Trueswell and Bonnie Webber. > > To apply, please complete our on-line application form at > > http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~ircs/events/ugradsumwork.html > > *** Course experience with cognitive science is desired, but not > required. *** > > Admitted participants will be provided with a travel stipend, > accommodations at the Penn dormitories and a food plan through > the dining services. There are no tuition costs for > participants. > > Questions? Please see our web page or send email to > summer_workshop(a)central.cis.upenn.edu > > > Mailing Address for Workshop Correspondence: Institute for > Research in Cognitive Science Attn: Summer Workshop Suite 400A, > 3401 Walnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-6228 > > > ****************************************************** > > 7. Conference: On the Consequences of Meaning Selection: UT > Austin > > From: David Gorfein <gorfein(a)exchange.uta.edu> > > On the Consequences of Meaning Selection A conference sponsored > by the American Psychological Association & The University of > Texas at Arlington Psychology Department > > March 10-11, 2000 > > For a number of years researchers of reading and language have > studied lexically ambiguous words (homographs and homophones). > Much of the interest focussed on the form of lexical > representation of these words and how they were accessed. In the > late 1980's a few investigators began to go beyond the topic of > access in an attempt to characterize the immediate effects of the > disambiguation process. Meaning selection for one meaning was > shown to make it difficult to select an alternative meaning of > the homograph and at the same time there appeared to be enhanced > ability to process materials related to the meaning selected. In > short, those investigator's have argued that the effects of > disambiguating have important consequences for discourse > processes including the reading and comprehension of text. > > A conference addressed to address the theoretical issues raised > by this research is scheduled for Arlington, Texas in March. The > presenters (in alphabetic order) are: Michael C. Anderson, > University of Oregon; David A. Balota, Washington University; > Curt Burgess, University of California, Riverside; James R. > Erickson, University of Texas, Arlington; Morton Ann Gernsbacher, > University of Wisconsin; David S. Gorfein, University of Texas, > Arlington; Walter Kintsch, University of Colorado; Thomas K. > Landauer, University of Colorado; Robin Morris, University of > South Carolina; Charles A. Perfetti, University of Pittsburgh; > Greg B. Simpson, University of Kansas; and Patrizia Tabossi, > University of Trieste. > > For conference details including abstracts, registration > materials, housing, etc. see > http://www.uta.edu/psychology/apa_conference. > > ****************************************************** > > 8. Two brief queries > > From: hamideh marefat <marefat(a)chamran.ut.ac.ir> > > > Dear Members, > > 1. Do you know Inagaki's email? She wrote an > article in Language Learning 1997. The mail Shunji Inagaki wrote > at the end of the article seems to have changed. > > 2. I would > appreciate your comments about the following question: If a > person shows mastery over the syntactic structure of a verb, > he/she knows the meaning of that verb, bothe the broad range and > the narrow range constraints, as Pinker (1989) calls them. Thank > you in advance > > * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > hamideh marefat > * * The university of Tehran > * * The Faculty of Foreign Languages > * * English Department > * * Iran Tehran P.O.Box: 11495 - 136 > * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > > > Charles A. Perfetti Professor of Psychology & Linguistics Senior Scientist & Associate Director Learning Research and Development Center University of Pittsburgh 412-624-7071 Perfetti+(a)Pitt.edu ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 10 Aug 2000 11:13:04 -0400 From: Joyce McDonough <joyce(a)ling.rochester.edu> Subject: U of R working papers ** N E W ONLINE ** THE UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER WORKING PAPERS IN THE LANGUAGE SCIENCES (WPLS:UR) The University of Rochester Working Papers in the Language Sciences (WPLS:UR) is pleased to announce the release of an online issue, containing recent work by linguists and language scientists working at the University of Rochester: "WPLS:UR Vol. Spring/Summer 2000, no. 1. The contents are drawn from a wide range of subfields, and are available at http://www.ling.rochester.edu/wpls/. The Table of Contents follows: =================================================== University of Rochester Working Papers in the Language Sciences (WPLS:UR) Vol. Spring/Summer 2000, no. 1 Editors: Katherine Crosswhite & Joyce McDonough 175pp. _________________________ JOYCE M. McDONOUGH & MARY ANN WILLIE Allowable variability: A preliminary investigation of word recognition in Navajo KATRINA SCHACK Comparison of intonation patterns in Mandarin and English for a particular speaker JAMES S. MAGNUSON, MICHAEL K. TANENHAUS & RICHARD N. ASLIN Simple Recurrent Networks and Competition Effects in Spoken Word Recognition BOB McMURRAY Connectionism for . . .er. . . linguists GREG CARLSON "Mismatches" of Form and Interpretation KATHERINE M. CROSSWHITE Vowel Reduction in Russian ================================================ For more information about the WPLS:UR, please see our website at: http://www.ling.rochester.edu/wpls/ - -- Joyce McDonough Department of Linguistics University of Rochester Rochester, New York 14627 (716) 275-2895 (716) 273-1088 (fax) http://ling.rochester.edu/ ------------------------------ End of info-psyling-digest V1 #31 *********************************

25 years, 9 months

SZAMITOGEPES AGYKUTATAS Minsiymposium: augusztus 25, pentek

by Erdi Peter

SZAMITOGEPES AGYKUTATAS Minisymposium augusztus 25, pentek Helyszin: MTA KFKI RMKI Tanacsterem (III. epulet) Erdeklodoket szivesen latunk. Elozetes jelentkezes: Erdi Peternel: 392-2742 (vagy persze 2742). ********************************************************* Budapest - Cincinnati Brain and Mind Minysimposium August 25th, 2000 9.30 Erdi, Peter Dept. Biophysics, KFKI Res. Inst. for Particle and Nuclear Physics of thwe Hung. Acad. Sci, Budapest Introduction: Computational Neuroscience vs Neural Computation (after the CNS*00 and IJCNN conferences) 9.45 Bickle, John Department of Philosophy and Neuroscience Graduate Faculty, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, Understanding Neural Complexity: Reduction to the Rescue. 10.35 Kampis, George Dept. History and Philosphy of Sciences, Eotvos University, Budapest Dynamic Models of the Mind 11.25 Break 11.40 Marica Bernstein Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA The effect of affect on cognitive sequences: Generalizing a neurocomputational model of cingulo-frontal circuits generating 'motivated' saccadic eye movements. 12.30 Zalanyi, Laszlo Dept. Biophysics, KFKI Res. Inst. for Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Hung. Acad. Sci, Budapest Modeling the the spatial distribution of LTP and LTD in the hippocampal CA1 region in transversal slices

25 years, 10 months

Hetedik Magyar Latas Szimpozium

by Jozsef Fiser

MEGHIVO Mindenkit szerettettel varunk a Hetedik Magyar Latas Szimpozium eloadasain. A reszvetel ingyenes. ******************************************************* Hetedik Magyar Latas Szimpozium Hely: MTA Pszichologiai Kutatointezete, I. emeleti tanacsterem, Bp. XIII. Victor Hugo utca 18-22, Idopont: 2000 Szeptember 2, szombat (egesz nap) Program 9:45 Megnyito 1) Kemiai folyamatok a latorendszerben 10:00 Gabriel R (PTE): Retinalis tirozin hidroxilaz foszforilaciojanak valtozasa feny es kulonbozo neuroaktiv anyagok hatasara. 10:15 Gulyas B (Karolinska Institute, Svedorszag): Flumazelin hatasa a lokalis inhibiciora az emberi latokeregben 10:30 Szunet 2) Madar latorendszer anatomia 10:45 Tombol T. (SOTE) Opticus transmissio a madar tectum opticumaban a thalamusban elhelyezkedo lato kozpontba vezeto palyara 11:00 Alpar, Tombol, T. (SOTE) Az ectostriatum efferens kapcsolatai 11:15 Szunet 3) Anatomia es fiziologia 11:30 Molnar Z (Oxford University, Anglia): Parhuzamos vizualis palyak evolucios es egyedfejlodese 11:45 Chadaide Z., Kovács Gy., Köteles K., Sáry Gy., Tompa T., Fiser J., I. Biederman, Benedek Gy (SZETE) Iluzórikus kontúrok feldolgozása rhesus majmok inferotemporalis kérgében 12:00 Szunet 4) Pszichofizika: Kontraszt erzekeles 12:15 Benedek Gy, Benedek K, Kéri Sz, Janáky M (SZETE): Kontúr integráció és térbeli kontraszt érzékenység 6-14 éves gyermekekben. 12:30 Vidnyánszky Z (Rutgers University, USA): A laterális gátlás mechanizmusai 12:45 Ebed szunet 5) Pszichofizika: Perceptualis tanulas 2: 15 Kovacs Gy, Gee, B. P, Merigan W.M. (University of Rochester, USA): Perceptualis tanulas allando es valtozo zaj mellett 2:30 Fiser J, Aslin R, (University of Rochester, USA): Magasabb szintu terbeli korrelaciokra valo erzekenyseg spontan kialakulasa 2:45 Szunet 6) Informacio integralas es szelektalas 3:00 Turi Nagy É, Schwaninger A, Jarchow T (University of Zurich, Svajc): A vesztibularis informacio hatasa a visualis es auditorikus tererzekelesre 3:15 Czigler I, (Pszichologiai Intezet): Vizualis figyelem - esemenyhez kotott potencial eredmenyek 3:30 Peter A, Postma E (University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Anglia): Az agyi dinamika szerepe: egy vizualis szempont 3:45 Szunet 7) Klinikai kiserletek 4:00 Antal A, Beniczky S, Jakab K, Vecsei L, Benedek Gy (SZETE): Vizualis kategorizacios folyamatok vizsgalata Huntington-koros betegekben es hozzatartozoikban 4:15 Kincses T, Eordegh G, Dibo Gy, Keri S, Antal A, Benedek Gy (SZETE): Explicit és implicit memoria vizsgalatok Parkinson-korban 4:30 Szimpozium zaras

25 years, 10 months

Re: 7. Nemzetkozi Pragmatikai Kongresszus (fwd)

by Pleh Csaba

Koszonom a helyebitest, Csaba Pleh Csaba egyetemi tanar Professor Csaba Pleh Megismerestudomanyi Csoport Cognitive Science Group Pszichologia Tanszek Department of Psychology Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem University of Szeged Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle Hungarian Review of Psychology foszerkeszto editor Szeged Petofi sgt. 30, H-6722 Hungary Phone: (36(62)544691 Home: Budakeszi, Zichy P. u 4, 2092 Phone: (36)(23)453933,06203278922 Mobile: (0620)3278922 Fax: (36)(23)453932 email: pleh(a)edpsy.u-szeged.hu Homepage: www.jate.u-szeged.hu/~pleh ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2000 21:33:23 +0200 From: Tompa Tamas <ttompa(a)phys.szote.u-szeged.hu> To: koglist(a)cogpsyphy.hu, Pleh Csaba <pleh(a)sol.cc.u-szeged.hu> Cc: Pszicholgia Tanszek <pszichol(a)edpsy.u-szeged.hu>, szegedi soros palyazok -- Bezeczki Gabor <bezecz(a)tina.iti.mta.hu>, Csaba PLEH <pleh(a)edpsy.u-szeged.hu>, Nemeth Dezso <nemethd(a)edpsy.u-szeged.hu>, nemethdezso(a)hotmail.com, George Kampis <GK(a)hps.elte.hu>, Gergely Csibra <g.csibra(a)psychology.bbk.ac.uk>, Gyula Kovacs <KOGYU(a)phys.szote.u-szeged.hu>, Stevan Harnad <harnad(a)coglit.ecs.soton.ac.uk>, Ilona Kovacs <ikovacs(a)cyclops.rutgers.edu>, Jozsef Fiser <FISER(a)BCS.ROCHESTER.EDU>, Zsuzsa Kaldy <kaldy(a)ruccs.rutgers.edu>, Kontra Miklos <kontra(a)sol.cc.u-szeged.hu>, Kotel Emoke <kotele(a)sol.cc.u-szeged.hu>, Kri Szabolcs <SZKERI(a)phys.szote.u-szeged.hu>, "Miklos, Kontra -- Kontra Miklos" <kontra(a)nytud.hu>, "[ISO-8859-2] Mikola Gy�ngyi" <mgyongyi(a)hung.u-szeged.hu>, Zoltan Nadasdy <zoli(a)md.huji.ac.il>, Racsmany Mihaly <racsmany(a)izabell.elte.hu>, Racsmany Mihaly <zeley(a)elender.hu>, sandor klara <sandor(a)jgytf.u-szeged.hu>, Stevan Harnad <harnad(a)coglit.soton.ac.uk>, Szegedi Megismerestudomanyi Programok -- V. Csanyi <H1872CSA(a)ELLA.HU>, Szilagyi N. Sandor <szilagyi(a)lett.ubbcluj.ro>, "Tompa Tamas, I. Ph.D." <ttompa(a)phys.szote.u-szeged.hu> Subject: Re: 7. Nemzetkozi Pragmatikai Kongresszus A cim helyesen (hogy ne kelljen keresgelni): http://ipra-www.uia.ac.be/ipra/ (s ezen belul kell ertelemszeruen a konferenciak, 7. konf. es program linkekre) Udvozlettel: Tompa Tamas > Kedves barataim: > > julius 9 es 14 kozott Budapesten kerul sorra a 7. Nemzetkozi Pragmatikai > Kongresszus, melynek vezeto temaja a megismeres kerdese. > A reszletes program a kovetkezo helkyen talalhato: > > htttp://www.uia.ac.be/ipra/7t_PrelimProgram.html > > Prabaltam kivonatolni, de igen nehez, mivel mintegy 800 (sic > !) eloadasrol illetve poszterrol van szo. > > Mindenesetre a tenyleges program heton delelott kezdodik, s minden > lenyegeben a budapesti Muegyetem Kozponmti (K) epuleteben lesz. > > Mindenkit szeretettel varunk, > > udvozlettel > > > Pleh Csaba > > > > Pleh Csaba egyetemi tanar Professor Csaba Pleh > Megismerestudomanyi Csoport Cognitive Science Group > Pszichologia Tanszek Department of Psychology > Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem University of Szeged > Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle Hungarian Review of Psychology > foszerkeszto editor > > Szeged > Petofi sgt. 30, H-6722 > Hungary > Phone: (36(62)544691 > Home: Budakeszi, Zichy P. u 4, 2092 > Phone: (36)(23)453933,06203278922 > Mobile: (0620)3278922 > Fax: (36)(23)453932 > email: pleh(a)edpsy.u-szeged.hu > Homepage: www.jate.u-szeged.hu/~pleh > >

25 years, 11 months

Re: 7. Nemzetkozi Pragmatikai Kongresszus

by Gergely Csibra

Rejected message: sent to koglist(a)cogpsyphy.hu by TTOMPA(a)PHYS.SZOTE.U-SZEGED.HU follows. Reason for rejection: sender not subscribed. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A cim helyesen (hogy ne kelljen keresgelni): http://ipra-www.uia.ac.be/ipra/ (s ezen belul kell ertelemszeruen a konferenciak, 7. konf. es program link= ekre) Udvozlettel: Tompa Tamas > Kedves barataim: > > julius 9 es 14 kozott Budapesten kerul sorra a 7. Nemzetkozi Pragmatikai > Kongresszus, melynek vezeto temaja a megismeres kerdese. > A reszletes program a kovetkezo helkyen talalhato: > > htttp://www.uia.ac.be/ipra/7t_PrelimProgram.html > > Prabaltam kivonatolni, de igen nehez, mivel mintegy 800 (sic > !) eloadasrol illetve poszterrol van szo. > > Mindenesetre a tenyleges program heton delelott kezdodik, s minden > lenyegeben a budapesti Muegyetem Kozponmti (K) epuleteben lesz. > > Mindenkit szeretettel varunk, > > udvozlettel > > > Pleh Csaba > > > > Pleh Csaba egyetemi tanar Professor Csaba Pleh > Megismerestudomanyi Csoport Cognitive Science Group > Pszichologia Tanszek Department of Psychology > Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem University of Szeged > Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle Hungarian Review of Psychology = > foszerkeszto editor > > Szeged > Petofi sgt. 30, H-6722 > Hungary > Phone: (36(62)544691 > Home: Budakeszi, Zichy P. u 4, 2092 > Phone: (36)(23)453933,06203278922 > Mobile: (0620)3278922 > Fax: (36)(23)453932 > email: pleh(a)edpsy.u-szeged.hu > Homepage: www.jate.u-szeged.hu/~pleh > >

25 years, 11 months

7. Nemzetkozi Pragmatikai Kongresszus

by Pleh Csaba

Kedves barataim: julius 9 es 14 kozott Budapesten kerul sorra a 7. Nemzetkozi Pragmatikai Kongresszus, melynek vezeto temaja a megismeres kerdese. A reszletes program a kovetkezo helkyen talalhato: htttp://www.uia.ac.be/ipra/7t_PrelimProgram.html Prabaltam kivonatolni, de igen nehez, mivel mintegy 800 (sic !) eloadasrol illetve poszterrol van szo. Mindenesetre a tenyleges program heton delelott kezdodik, s minden lenyegeben a budapesti Muegyetem Kozponmti (K) epuleteben lesz. Mindenkit szeretettel varunk, udvozlettel Pleh Csaba Pleh Csaba egyetemi tanar Professor Csaba Pleh Megismerestudomanyi Csoport Cognitive Science Group Pszichologia Tanszek Department of Psychology Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem University of Szeged Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle Hungarian Review of Psychology foszerkeszto editor Szeged Petofi sgt. 30, H-6722 Hungary Phone: (36(62)544691 Home: Budakeszi, Zichy P. u 4, 2092 Phone: (36)(23)453933,06203278922 Mobile: (0620)3278922 Fax: (36)(23)453932 email: pleh(a)edpsy.u-szeged.hu Homepage: www.jate.u-szeged.hu/~pleh

25 years, 11 months

(Fwd) CFP: SIGDIAL WS (fwd)

by Kampis Gyorgy

CALL FOR PAPERS 1ST SIGDIAL WORKSHOP ON DISCOURSE AND DIALOGUE Including Theme Session On Principles For Dialogue System Evaluation October 7,8, 2000 Hong Kong In conjunction with ACL-2000: The 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics www.pitt.edu/~dialcal/ACL2Ksymp.html Description: There has been a perceived need in the SigDIAL Community for a regular workshop spanning the SigDIAL interest area of discourse and dialogue. While there has been a lot of activity in this area, and fairly frequent "specialty" workshops on various sub-topics, there has not been a regular place for such research to be presented in a forum to receive attention from the larger SigDIAL community. This workshop is intended to be the first in a regular series. A general session, open to the range of work in the area is to be combined with a Specialty "Theme Session", in this case on Principles for Dialogue System Evaluation. TOPICS OF INTEREST FOR THE GENERAL SESSION We welcome formal, corpus-based, implementational and analytical work on discourse and dialogue, with a focus on the following three themes: (i) Dialogue Systems Spoken, multi-modal, and text/web based dialogue systems including topics such as: - dialogue management models - task complexity and interfaces for less common and less expected tasks - repair, clarification and correction types - grounding and feedback strategies - user and user group modeling - mixed initiative and user-adaptive dialogue - re-usable components for different systems - generic architectures and common toolkits for building dialogue systems - speech, text and graphics integration (ii) Corpora and Corpus Tools Support for corpus-based work on discourse and dialogue, in particular - issues in discourse and dialogue annotation - tools and resources for discourse and dialogue studies - XML-based tools for dialogue access to internet information (iii) Pragmatic and/or Semantic Modeling a. The pragmatics and/or semantics of discourse and dialogue (i.e., beyond a single sentence) including the following issues: - ellipsis and anaphora - dependent reference - presupposition and accommodation - genres of discourse and dialogue - politeness b. Specific aspects of discourse and dialogue structure, in particular - dialogue acts - rhetorical structure - prosody and discourse - temporal structure - topic-comment structure in discourse and dialogue - focus and the distribution of discourse referents - discourse structure and conversational implicatures TOPICS OF INTEREST FOR THE THEME SESSION ON PRINCIPLES FOR EVALUATION OF DIALOGUE SYSTEMS As a special-theme session, we wish to discuss methods for evaluation which promote fruitful research directions. Contributions in this respect are solicited on topics including but not limited to: - evaluation of task-oriented dialogue systems vs. self-oriented (amusement-oriented) dialogue systems - how to evaluate the efficiency and/or comfort of dialogues - objective, quantitative, synthetic evaluation vs. subjective, qualitative, analytic evaluation - relation of evaluation of dialogue systems with evaluation of other parts of NLP - common tools and infrastructures for evaluation - how to assess/implement diversity of dialogues in evaluation The last topic may need further description: A generally important issue in evaluation of allegedly intelligent artifacts is how to manipulate the diversity under the present state of the art. The diversity of dialogues encompasses the vocabulary, syntactic constructions, discourse structures, and so forth. A major source of the diversity here is the gap between linguistic expressions and the description of the world to talk about. Diverse dialogues in fact arise in tasks, such as the Map Task, involving pattern recognition. However, the visual pattern recognition in the Map Task makes it utterly impossible to computationally implement with the current technologies. SUBMISSIONS To stimulate discussions, both the general and theme session will feature both full paper presentations and short position/discussion papers. Please indicate the submission format, as described below. All papers should be sent electronically to dialcal(a)pitt.edu with subject line SigDIAL workshop submission. Papers should be received by July 10th to insure full consideration. FULL PAPER SUBMISSIONS are limited to original, unpublished work in the areas of interest. Extended abstracts of papers may not exceed 3200 words (exclusive of title page, example pages, and references). In addition to the regular text, 2 additional pages are allowed (as an appendix) which may include examples of extended discourse, graphical representation of discourse structure, or other supporting material. The style files for submission are the same as the ones for ACL regular papers, which can be downloaded from http://www.cs.ust.hk/acl2000/Latex/index.html (for latex) http://www.cs.ust.hk/acl2000/work/ACL2000_submission.doc (for MS Word) The title page should include the following information: Title: Authors' names, affiliations, and email addresses: Keywords: Up to 5 keywords specifying subject area (preferably from lists above) Which Session: General or Theme Word Count, excluding title page and references: Under Consideration for other Conferences (specify): Abstract: short summary (up to 5 lines) SHORT PAPER SUBMISSIONS Short papers should be in the same format as long papers, but no more than 2000 words (with similar final length). As well as original work in progress, short papers may also involve positions on the topics above, comparative analysis of other approaches, or new relevant topics for discussion. IMPORTANT DATES Submissions July 10th Notification August 10th Final Submissions September 1st Workshop October 7-8th PROGRAM COMMITTEE: Laila Dybkjaer (co-chair), Koiti Hasisa (co-chair), David Traum (co-chair), Morena Danielli, Yasuharu Den, Barbara Di Eugenio, Kristiina Jokinen, Pamela Jordan, Ian Lewin, Daniel Marcu, Katashi Nagao, Akira Shimazu, Michael Strube, Jan van Kuppevelt, Marilyn Walker (and others). Contact Information: Questions about submission: Pamela Jordan <dialcal(a)pitt.edu> Questions about General Session: Laila Dybkjaer <laila(a)nis.sdu.dk> Questions about Theme Session: Koiti Hasida <hasida(a)etl.go.jp> Miscellaneous and Logistical Questions: David Traum <traum(a)cs.umd.edu>

25 years, 11 months

"TOWARDS ELECTRONIC JOURNALS": PSYC Call for Book Reviewers

by Stevan Harnad

PSYCOLOQUY CALL FOR BOOK REVIEWERS: Tenopir/King: Towards Electronic Journals Below is the Abstract of "Towards Electronic Journals" by Carol Tenopir and Donald W. King. This book has been selected for multiple review in Psycoloquy, a refereed journal of Open Peer Commentary in the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences. If you wish to submit a formal book review please write to psyc(a)pucc.princeton.edu indicating what expertise you would bring to bear on reviewing the book if you were selected to review it. (If you have never reviewed for PSYCOLOQUY or Behavioral & Brain Sciences before, it would be helpful if you could also append a copy of your CV to your inquiry.) If you are selected as one of the reviewers and do not have a copy of the book, you will be sent a copy of the book directly by the publisher (please let us know if you have a copy already). Reviews may also be submitted without invitation, but all reviews will be refereed. The author will reply to all accepted reviews. FULL PSYCOLOQUY BOOK REVIEW INSTRUCTIONS AT: http://www.princeton.edu/~harnad/psyc.html http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/psycoloquy/ FULL ARTICLE-LENGTH PRECIS OF THE BOOK IS RETRIEVABLE FROM: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/psyc-bin/newpsy?11.084 Note: Psycoloquy reviews are of the BOOK not the Precis. Review Length should be about 200 lines [c. 1800 words], with a short abstract (about 50 words), an indexable title, and reviewer's full name and institutional address, email and Home Page URL. All references that are electronically accessible should also have URLs. AUTHORS' RATIONALE FOR SOLICITING MULTIPLE REVIEW: We would like scientists as authors, readers, editors, referees and observers of the coming electronic age to review the book through their personal experiences and knowledge, which they think confirm, reinforce, or refute our observations. We would also appreciate comments on our interpretation of results. We look at the book as a stepping-stone in our further study of electronic journals. Input from scientists is particularly desired for our future study. psycoloquy.00.11.084.electronic-journals.1.tenopir Sun Jun 18 2000 ISSN 1055-0143 (53 paragraphs, 7 references, 954 lines) PSYCOLOQUY is sponsored by the American Psychological Association (APA) Copyright 2000 Carol Tenopir & Donald W. King TOWARDS ELECTRONIC JOURNALS: REALITIES FOR SCIENTISTS, LIBRARIANS, AND PUBLISHERS [Special Libraries Association 2000, xxii + 488pp ISBN 0-87111-507-7] Precis of Tenopir on Electronic-Journals Carol Tenopir School of Information Sciences University of Tennessee 804 Volunteer Boulevard Knoxville, TN 37919 tenopir(a)utk.edu http://web.utk.edu/~tenopir/tenopir.html Donald W. King 4915 Gullane Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48103 dwking(a)umich.edu ABSTRACT: This precis of "Towards Electronic Journals" (Tenopir & King 2000) focuses mostly on scientists' perspective as authors and readers, how changes over the years by publishers and librarians have affected scientists, and what they should expect from electronic journal and digital journal article databases. We describe some myths concerning scholarly journals and attempt to assess the future in a realistic manner. Most of our primary data involves U.S. scientists, libraries and publishers, but much of the secondary data is from a European perspective, which shows few differences. KEYWORDS: copyright, citation impact, digital library, electronic archives, electronic publishing, electronic journals, peer review, publication costs, research funding OVERVIEW OF CONTENTS: "Towards Electronic Journals" (Tenopir & King 2000) is addressed to four audiences: scientists as authors and readers; journal publishers; librarians and other intermediaries; and organizational funders of scientists and libraries. An attempt was made: (1) to describe the communication practices of scientists, librarians, and publishers; (2) to establish their goals, motives, and incentives for the way in which they do things; and (3) to determine the cost and other economic aspects of their involvement. In particular, we felt it important for each journal system participant to gain a better understanding and appreciation of the contributions made by all participants and to enable them to make more informed decisions about electronic journals in the future. To achieve these objectives we partitioned the book into five parts, in addition to an introduction. A background part provides a summary of the quantitative results, a brief history of scientific scholarly journals including early electronic publishing, a framework for describing scholarly journals as a system embedded in larger communication and science systems, and a description of our data collection methods. Data include results from 13,591 readership survey responses from scientists (1977 to 1998); more than 100 cost studies of library services, publishing, and scientists' authorship and information seeking; a study of the characteristics of a sample of 715 scholarly journals tracked from 1960 to 1995; and review of more than 800 relevant publications. The next three parts address the principal participants: (1) scientists, including their general communication activities and journal authorship, readership and information-seeking patterns; (2) libraries, including general library use and journal-related services use and economics; and (3) publishers, including journal publishing costs, pricing, and financial considerations. The last part covers electronic publishing details and aspects appropriate to each of the journal system participants. Tenopir, Carol, and Donald W. King (2000) Towards Electronic Journals: Realities for Scientists, Librarians, and Publishers. Washington, D.C.: Special Libraries Association. http://www.sla.org FULL PRECIS IS RETRIEVABLE FROM: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/psyc-bin/newpsy?11.084 FULL PSYCOLOQUY BOOK REVIEW INSTRUCTIONS AT: http://www.princeton.edu/~harnad/psyc.html http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/psycoloquy/

25 years, 11 months

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