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5930 discussions

by Horvath Zsuzsa

Mellékelten küldöm a következő Kognitív Péntek meghívóját. Üdvözlettel: HZS Horváth Zsuzsa ELTE PPK Kognitív Pszichológiai Tanszék 1064 Bp. Izabella u. 46. horvath.zsuzsa(a)ppk.elte.hu Tel/fax: 461-2649

18 years, 8 months

Crespi & Badcock/Psychosis and Autism: BBS Call for Commentators

by Behavioral & Brain Sciences

Dear Dr. Qwerty, ================================================================== *** CALL RESPONSE INSTRUCTIONS *** ================================================================== Please DO NOT respond to this email. Please note that this is NOT a formal invitation. If you wish to submit a proposal for commentary and/or suggest potential commentators, please go to the Online Commentary Proposal System at the following URL: http://www.bbsonline.org/perl/commentary/commproposal?authordir=Crespi-0216… * If you only wish to suggest potential commentators, please ignore prompts to submit a proposal with expertise information. * If you experience technical difficulties, please email bbs(a)bbsonline.org. * Please respond to this Call no later than November 7, 2007 NOTE: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) is an international, interdisciplinary journal providing Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences. Commentators must be BBS Associates, or suggested by a BBS Associate. If you are not a BBS Associate, please follow the instructions linked below: http://www.bbsonline.org/Instructions/associnst.html ================================================================== ** Target Article Information ** ================================================================== To help you decide whether you would be an appropriate commentator for this article, an unedited, uncorrected target article is retrievable at the URL that follows the abstract and keywords below. This unedited draft has been prepared only for potential commentators who wish to nominate themselves for formal commentary invitation. Please DO NOT write a commentary until you receive a formal invitation. If you are invited to submit a commentary, a copyedited, corrected version of this paper will be posted in the invitation letter. The commentary invitation list is compiled by the Editors so as to balance proposals, areas of expertise, and frequency of prior commentaries in BBS. TITLE: Psychosis and Autism as Diametrical Disorders of the Social Brain AUTHORS: Bernard Crespi and Christopher Badcock ABSTRACT: Autistic-spectrum conditions and psychotic-spectrum conditions (mainly schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression) represent two major suites of disorders of human cognition, affect and behavior that involve altered development and function of the social brain. We describe evidence that a large set of phenotypic traits exhibit diametrically-opposite phenotypes in autistic-spectrum vs. psychotic-spectrum conditions, with a focus on schizophrenia. This suite of traits is inter-correlated, in that autism involves a general pattern of constrained overgrowth, whereas schizophrenia involves undergrowth. These disorders also exhibit diametric patterns for traits related to social brain development, including aspects of gaze, agency, social cognition, local vs. global processing, language, and behavior. Social cognition is thus under-developed in autistic-spectrum conditions, and hyper-developed on the psychotic spectrum. We propose and evaluate a novel hypothesis that may help to explain these diametric phenotypes: that the development of these two sets of conditions is mediated in part by alterations of genomic imprinting. Evidence regarding the genetic, physiological, neurological and psychological underpinnings of psychotic spectrum conditions support the hypothesis that the etiologies of these conditions involve biases towards increased relative effects from imprinted genes with maternal expression, which engender a general pattern of undergrowth. By contrast, autistic-spectrum conditions appear to involve increased relative bias towards effects of paternally-expressed genes, which mediate overgrowth. This hypothesis provides a simple yet comprehensive theory, grounded in evolutionary biology and genetics, for understanding the causes and phenotypes of autistic-spectrum and psychotic-spectrum conditions. KEYWORDS: autism, cognition, genomic conflict, genomic imprinting, psychosis, schizophrenia, hyper-mentalism FULL TEXT: http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Crespi-02162007/Referees/ ================================================================== *** CALL RESPONSE INSTRUCTIONS *** ================================================================== Please DO NOT respond to this email. Please note that this is NOT a formal invitation. If you wish to submit a proposal for commentary and/or suggest potential commentators, please go to the Online Commentary Proposal System at the following URL: http://www.bbsonline.org/perl/commentary/commproposal?authordir=Crespi-0216… * If you only wish to suggest potential commentators, please ignore prompts to submit a proposal with expertise information. * If you experience technical difficulties, please email bbs(a)bbsonline.org. * Please respond to this Call no later than November 7, 2007 NOTE: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) is an international, interdisciplinary journal providing Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences. Commentators must be BBS Associates, or suggested by a BBS Associate. If you are not a BBS Associate, please follow the instructions linked below: http://www.bbsonline.org/Instructions/associnst.html ================================================================== ================================================================== Barbara Finlay - Editor Paul Bloom - Editor Behavioral and Brain Sciences bbs(a)bbsonline.org http://www.bbsonline.org -------------------------------------------------------------------

18 years, 8 months

Peter Hacker at CEU

by Jakab Zoltán

Talk at the Department of Philosophy, Central European University *Peter Hacker* *(**St Johns College, Oxford University**)* *''What Philosophy Can Do for Neuroscience?**'* *Tuesday, 16 October 2007, 5.30pm, Zrinyi 14, Room 412* Abstract Philosophy is concerned with conceptual questions, not empirical ones. The character of conceptual questions and their methods of resolution is clarified. Cognitive neuroscience inevitably raises a wide range of such questions which are not amenable to experimental resolution. The character of these conceptual problems in cognitive neuroscience is explored by way of a brief historical survey. It is argued that twentieth century cognitive neuroscience evolved from a form of Cartesian dualism (Sherrington, Penfield, Eccles) into a degenerate form of dualism (Crick, Edelman, Kandel) in which attributes Cartesians ascribed to the mind were ascribed to the brain, leaving the rest of the misconceived Cartesian structure intact. Some of the misconceptions that ensued are examined, and some exemplary confusions are clarified in order to demonstrate what philosophy can do for cognitive neuroscience.

18 years, 8 months

Crespi & Badcock/Psychosis and Autism: BBS Call for Commentators

by Behavioral & Brain Sciences

================================================================== *** CALL RESPONSE INSTRUCTIONS *** ================================================================== Please DO NOT respond to this email. Please note that this is NOT a formal invitation. If you wish to submit a proposal for commentary and/or suggest potential commentators, please go to the Online Commentary Proposal System at the following URL: http://www.bbsonline.org/perl/commentary/commproposal?authordir=Crespi-0216… * If you only wish to suggest potential commentators, please ignore prompts to submit a proposal with expertise information. * If you experience technical difficulties, please email bbs(a)bbsonline.org. * Please respond to this Call no later than November 7, 2007 NOTE: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) is an international, interdisciplinary journal providing Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences. Commentators must be BBS Associates, or suggested by a BBS Associate. If you are not a BBS Associate, please follow the instructions linked below: http://www.bbsonline.org/Instructions/associnst.html ================================================================== ** Target Article Information ** ================================================================== To help you decide whether you would be an appropriate commentator for this article, an unedited, uncorrected target article is retrievable at the URL that follows the abstract and keywords below. This unedited draft has been prepared only for potential commentators who wish to nominate themselves for formal commentary invitation. Please DO NOT write a commentary until you receive a formal invitation. If you are invited to submit a commentary, a copyedited, corrected version of this paper will be posted in the invitation letter. The commentary invitation list is compiled by the Editors so as to balance proposals, areas of expertise, and frequency of prior commentaries in BBS. TITLE: Psychosis and Autism as Diametrical Disorders of the Social Brain AUTHORS: Bernard Crespi and Christopher Badcock ABSTRACT: Autistic-spectrum conditions and psychotic-spectrum conditions (mainly schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression) represent two major suites of disorders of human cognition, affect and behavior that involve altered development and function of the social brain. We describe evidence that a large set of phenotypic traits exhibit diametrically-opposite phenotypes in autistic-spectrum vs. psychotic-spectrum conditions, with a focus on schizophrenia. This suite of traits is inter-correlated, in that autism involves a general pattern of constrained overgrowth, whereas schizophrenia involves undergrowth. These disorders also exhibit diametric patterns for traits related to social brain development, including aspects of gaze, agency, social cognition, local vs. global processing, language, and behavior. Social cognition is thus under-developed in autistic-spectrum conditions, and hyper-developed on the psychotic spectrum. We propose and evaluate a novel hypothesis that may help to explain these diametric phenotypes: that the development of these two sets of conditions is mediated in part by alterations of genomic imprinting. Evidence regarding the genetic, physiological, neurological and psychological underpinnings of psychotic spectrum conditions support the hypothesis that the etiologies of these conditions involve biases towards increased relative effects from imprinted genes with maternal expression, which engender a general pattern of undergrowth. By contrast, autistic-spectrum conditions appear to involve increased relative bias towards effects of paternally-expressed genes, which mediate overgrowth. This hypothesis provides a simple yet comprehensive theory, grounded in evolutionary biology and genetics, for understanding the causes and phenotypes of autistic-spectrum and psychotic-spectrum conditions. KEYWORDS: autism, cognition, genomic conflict, genomic imprinting, psychosis, schizophrenia, hyper-mentalism FULL TEXT: http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Crespi-02162007/Referees/ ================================================================== *** CALL RESPONSE INSTRUCTIONS *** ================================================================== Please DO NOT respond to this email. Please note that this is NOT a formal invitation. If you wish to submit a proposal for commentary and/or suggest potential commentators, please go to the Online Commentary Proposal System at the following URL: http://www.bbsonline.org/perl/commentary/commproposal?authordir=Crespi-0216… * If you only wish to suggest potential commentators, please ignore prompts to submit a proposal with expertise information. * If you experience technical difficulties, please email bbs(a)bbsonline.org. * Please respond to this Call no later than November 7, 2007 NOTE: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) is an international, interdisciplinary journal providing Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences. Commentators must be BBS Associates, or suggested by a BBS Associate. If you are not a BBS Associate, please follow the instructions linked below: http://www.bbsonline.org/Instructions/associnst.html ================================================================== ================================================================== Barbara Finlay - Editor Paul Bloom - Editor Behavioral and Brain Sciences bbs(a)bbsonline.org http://www.bbsonline.org -------------------------------------------------------------------

18 years, 8 months

Rogers & McClelland/Semantic Cognition: BBS Call for Commentators

by Behavioral & Brain Sciences

Dear Dr. Qwerty, ================================================================== BBS MULTIPLE BOOK REVIEW -- CALL RESPONSE INSTRUCTIONS ================================================================== Please DO NOT respond to this email. If you wish to submit a proposal for commentary and/or suggest potential commentators, please go to the new Online Commentary Proposal System at the following URL: http://www.bbsonline.org/perl/commentary/commproposal?authordir=Rogers-0904… * If you only wish to suggest potential commentators, please ignore prompts to submit a proposal with expertise information. * If you experience technical difficulties, please email bbs(a)bbsonline.org. * Please respond to this Call no later than November 1, 2007 NOTE: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) is an international, interdisciplinary journal providing Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences. Commentators must be BBS Associates, or suggested by a BBS Associate. If you are not a BBS Associate, please follow the instructions linked below: http://www.bbsonline.org/Instructions/associnst.html ================================================================== ** Multiple Book Review Information ** ================================================================== Below is a link to the forthcoming précis of a book accepted for Multiple Book Review in Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS). Please note that it is the *BOOK*, not the precis, that is to be reviewed. PRECIS OF: Semantic Cognition: A Parallel Distributed Processing Approach AUTHOR: Timothy T. Rogers and James L. McClelland ABSTRACT: In our recent book, we present a parallel distributed processing theory of the acquisition, representation and use of human semantic knowledge. The theory proposes that semantic abilities arise from the flow of activation amongst simple, neuron-like processing units, as governed by the strengths of interconnecting weights; and that acquisition of new semantic information involves the gradual adjustment of weights in the system in response to experience. These simple ideas explain a wide range of empirical phenomena from studies of categorization, lexical acquisition, and disordered semantic cognition. In this précis we focus on phenomena central to the reaction against similarity-based theories that arose in the 1980's and that subsequently motivated the "theory-theory" approach to semantic knowledge. Specifically, we consider i) how concepts differentiate in early development, ii) why some groupings of items seem to form "good" or coherent categories while others do not, iii) why different properties seem central or important to different concepts, iv) why children and adults sometimes attest to beliefs that seem to contradict their direct experience, v) how concepts reorganize between the ages of 4 and 10, and vi) the relationship between causal knowledge and semantic knowledge. The explanations for these phenomena are illustrated with reference to a simple feed-forward connectionist model; and the relationship between this simple model, the broader theory, and more general issues in cognitive science are discussed. KEYWORDS: Categorization, causal knowledge, concepts, connectionism, development, innateness, learning, semantics, memory, theory-theory. PRECIS: http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Rogers-09042007/Referees/ ================================================================== BBS MULTIPLE BOOK REVIEW -- CALL RESPONSE INSTRUCTIONS ================================================================== Please DO NOT respond to this email. If you wish to submit a proposal for commentary and/or suggest potential commentators, please go to the new Online Commentary Proposal System at the following URL: http://www.bbsonline.org/perl/commentary/commproposal?authordir=Rogers-0904… * If you only wish to suggest potential commentators, please ignore prompts to submit a proposal with expertise information. * If you experience technical difficulties, please email bbs(a)bbsonline.org. * Please respond to this Call no later than November 1, 2007 NOTE: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) is an international, interdisciplinary journal providing Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences. Commentators must be BBS Associates, or suggested by a BBS Associate. If you are not a BBS Associate, please follow the instructions linked below: http://www.bbsonline.org/Instructions/associnst.html ================================================================== ================================================================== Paul Bloom - Editor Barbara Finlay - Editor Behavioral and Brain Sciences bbs(a)bbsonline.org http://www.bbsonline.org -------------------------------------------------------------------

18 years, 8 months

Rogers & McClelland/Semantic Cognition: BBS Call for Commentators

by Behavioral & Brain Sciences

================================================================== BBS MULTIPLE BOOK REVIEW -- CALL RESPONSE INSTRUCTIONS ================================================================== Please DO NOT respond to this email. If you wish to submit a proposal for commentary and/or suggest potential commentators, please go to the new Online Commentary Proposal System at the following URL: http://www.bbsonline.org/perl/commentary/commproposal?authordir=Rogers-0904… * If you only wish to suggest potential commentators, please ignore prompts to submit a proposal with expertise information. * If you experience technical difficulties, please email bbs(a)bbsonline.org. * Please respond to this Call no later than November 1, 2007 NOTE: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) is an international, interdisciplinary journal providing Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences. Commentators must be BBS Associates, or suggested by a BBS Associate. If you are not a BBS Associate, please follow the instructions linked below: http://www.bbsonline.org/Instructions/associnst.html ================================================================== ** Multiple Book Review Information ** ================================================================== Below is a link to the forthcoming précis of a book accepted for Multiple Book Review in Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS). Please note that it is the *BOOK*, not the precis, that is to be reviewed. PRECIS OF: Semantic Cognition: A Parallel Distributed Processing Approach AUTHOR: Timothy T. Rogers and James L. McClelland ABSTRACT: In our recent book, we present a parallel distributed processing theory of the acquisition, representation and use of human semantic knowledge. The theory proposes that semantic abilities arise from the flow of activation amongst simple, neuron-like processing units, as governed by the strengths of interconnecting weights; and that acquisition of new semantic information involves the gradual adjustment of weights in the system in response to experience. These simple ideas explain a wide range of empirical phenomena from studies of categorization, lexical acquisition, and disordered semantic cognition. In this précis we focus on phenomena central to the reaction against similarity-based theories that arose in the 1980's and that subsequently motivated the "theory-theory" approach to semantic knowledge. Specifically, we consider i) how concepts differentiate in early development, ii) why some groupings of items seem to form "good" or coherent categories while others do not, iii) why different properties seem central or important to different concepts, iv) why children and adults sometimes attest to beliefs that seem to contradict their direct experience, v) how concepts reorganize between the ages of 4 and 10, and vi) the relationship between causal knowledge and semantic knowledge. The explanations for these phenomena are illustrated with reference to a simple feed-forward connectionist model; and the relationship between this simple model, the broader theory, and more general issues in cognitive science are discussed. KEYWORDS: Categorization, causal knowledge, concepts, connectionism, development, innateness, learning, semantics, memory, theory-theory. PRECIS: http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Rogers-09042007/Referees/ ================================================================== BBS MULTIPLE BOOK REVIEW -- CALL RESPONSE INSTRUCTIONS ================================================================== Please DO NOT respond to this email. If you wish to submit a proposal for commentary and/or suggest potential commentators, please go to the new Online Commentary Proposal System at the following URL: http://www.bbsonline.org/perl/commentary/commproposal?authordir=Rogers-0904… * If you only wish to suggest potential commentators, please ignore prompts to submit a proposal with expertise information. * If you experience technical difficulties, please email bbs(a)bbsonline.org. * Please respond to this Call no later than November 1, 2007 NOTE: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) is an international, interdisciplinary journal providing Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences. Commentators must be BBS Associates, or suggested by a BBS Associate. If you are not a BBS Associate, please follow the instructions linked below: http://www.bbsonline.org/Instructions/associnst.html ================================================================== ================================================================== Paul Bloom - Editor Barbara Finlay - Editor Behavioral and Brain Sciences bbs(a)bbsonline.org http://www.bbsonline.org -------------------------------------------------------------------

18 years, 8 months

Theoretical Philosophy Forum, Marta Ujvari

by Laszlo E. Szabo

THEORETICAL PHILOSOPHY FORUM Institute of Philosophy Faculty of Humanities, Eotvos University Room 208 Monday 4:00 PM Muzeum krt. 4/i, Budapest Web site: http://philosophy.elte.hu/tpf 15 October 4:00 PM Room 208 (Muzeum krt. 4/i) Marta Ujvari Institute of Sociology and Social Policy Corvinus University, Budapest The Bundle Theory of Substances and the Leibniz Principle Abstract: http://philosophy.elte.hu/tpf/2007/October/#3 ___________________________________ The Forum is open to everyone, including students,visitors, and faculty members from all departments and institutes! Format: 60 minute lecture, 10 minute coffee break, followed by a 30-60 minute discussion. The language of presentation is English or Hungarian. A printable poster is available from here: http://philosophy.elte.hu/tpf/2007/October/poster.pdf Please feel free to post it in your institution! The organizer of the Forum: Laszlo E. Szabo (leszabo(a)philosophy.elte.hu) -- L a s z l o E. S z a b o Department of Logic, Institute of Philosophy Faculty of Humanities, Eotvos University, Budapest http://philosophy.elte.hu/leszabo

18 years, 8 months

invitation to a philosophy talk - 16. October

by Krisztina Biber

The CEU Department of Philosophy cordially invites you to a talk by Peter Hacker (St Johns College, Oxford University) on 'What Philosophy can Contribute to Cognitive Neuroscience' 5.30 PM, Tuesday, 16 October 2007, Zrinyi 14 building, Room 412 Abstract: Philosophy is concerned with conceptual questions, not empirical ones. The character of conceptual questions and their methods of resolution is clarified. Cognitive neuroscience inevitably raises a wide range of such questions which are not amenable to experimental resolution. The character of these conceptual problems in cognitive neuroscience is explored by way of a brief historical survey. It is argued that twentieth century cognitive neuroscience evolved from a form of Cartesian dualism (Sherrington, Penfield, Eccles) into a degenerate form of dualism (Crick, Edelman, Kandel) in which attributes Cartesians ascribed to the mind were ascribed to the brain, leaving the rest of the misconceived Cartesian structure intact. Some of the misconceptions that ensued are examined, and some exemplary confusions are clarified in order to demonstrate what philosophy can do for cognitive neuroscience. Kriszta Biber Department Coordinator Philosophy Department Tel: 36-1-327-3806 Fax: 36-1-327-3072 E-mail: biberk(a)ceu.hu

18 years, 8 months

Theoretical Philosophy Forum, Miklos Lehmann

by Laszlo E. Szabo

THEORETICAL PHILOSOPHY FORUM Institute of Philosophy Faculty of Humanities, Eotvos University Room 208 Monday 4:00 PM Muzeum krt. 4/i, Budapest Web site: http://philosophy.elte.hu/tpf 8 October 4:00 PM Room 208 (Muzeum krt. 4/i) Miklos Lehmann Department of Social Science Faculty of Elementary and Nursery School Teachers' Training Eotvos University, Budapest Mentalis reprezentaciok: kiserlet a fogalom tisztazasara (Mental representation: an attempt to clarify the concept) Abstract: http://philosophy.elte.hu/tpf/2007/October/#2 ___________________________________ The Forum is open to everyone, including students,visitors, and faculty members from all departments and institutes! Format: 60 minute lecture, 10 minute coffee break, followed by a 30-60 minute discussion. The language of presentation is English or Hungarian. A printable poster is available from here: http://philosophy.elte.hu/tpf/2007/October/poster.pdf Please feel free to post it in your institution! The organizer of the Forum: Laszlo E. Szabo (leszabo(a)philosophy.elte.hu) -- L a s z l o E. S z a b o Department of Logic, Institute of Philosophy Faculty of Humanities, Eotvos University, Budapest http://philosophy.elte.hu/leszabo

18 years, 8 months

invitation to a philosophy talk - reminder

by Krisztina Biber

The CEU Department of Philosophy cordially invites you to a talk by Aldo Frigerio (Catholic University, Milan) on 'Conditions of Reference' 5.30 PM, Tuesday, 2 October 2007, Zrinyi 14 building, Room 412 ABSTRACT According to Frege, in order to refer to an object we must grasp a conceptual content which uniquely identifies that object. Frege called it sense. Russell did not agree with Frege about this matter: he thought that grasping a conceptual content is not a sufficient condition in order to refer to an object. We can grasp a conceptual content that identifies an object and nonetheless not know which object that object is and not be able to recognize it among others. Referring requires a much stronger connection between the speaker and the object. This connection is acquaintance. Only if we know an object by acquaintance can we refer to it, because only in that case we know which object that object is and are able to recognize it among others. If we only know an object by description, the link between our words and the object is not reference but a weaker connection, which Russell called denotation. In this talk I would like to give some arguments in favor of Freges view. Particularly, I will show that Russells theory of reference produces too many ambiguities: every device of singular reference (proper names, indexicals and definite descriptions) can refer both to objects we are and to objects we are not acquainted with. If these devices had different meaning depending on the relation the speaker maintains with the referent, they would be systematically ambiguous. Another weakness of Russells view is the fact that according to it, in order to understand other people who refer to an object, we should be able to know if they are acquainted with their referent or not. But we often fail to have that information and this fact does not jeopardize our comprehension. Kriszta Biber Department Coordinator Philosophy Department Tel: 36-1-327-3806 Fax: 36-1-327-3072 E-mail: biberk(a)ceu.hu

18 years, 8 months

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