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Oaksford & Chater/Bayesian Rationality: BBS Call for Commentators

by Behavioral & Brain Sciences

Dear Dr. Qwerty, ================================================================== BBS MULTIPLE BOOK REVIEW -- CALL RESPONSE INSTRUCTIONS ================================================================== Please DO NOT respond to this email. If you wish to submit a proposal for commentary and/or suggest potential commentators, please go to the new Online Commentary Proposal System at the following URL: http://www.bbsonline.org/perl/commentary/commproposal?authordir=Oaksford-03… * If you only wish to suggest potential commentators, please ignore prompts to submit a proposal with expertise information. * If you experience technical difficulties, please email bbs(a)bbsonline.org. * Please respond to this Call no later than April 11, 2008 NOTE: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) is an international, interdisciplinary journal providing Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences. Commentators must be BBS Associates, or suggested by a BBS Associate. If you are not a BBS Associate, please follow the instructions linked below: http://www.bbsonline.org/Instructions/associnst.html ================================================================== ** Multiple Book Review Information ** ================================================================== Below is a link to the forthcoming précis of a book accepted for Multiple Book Review in Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS). Please note that it is the *BOOK*, not the precis, that is to be reviewed. BOOK: Bayesian Rationality: The Probabilistic Approach to Human Reasoning PUBLISHER: Oxford University Press, 2007 AUTHORS: Mike Oaksford and Nick Chater ABSTRACT: According to Aristotle humans are the rational animal. The borderline between rationality and irrationality is fundamental to many aspects of human life including the law, mental health, and language interpretation. But what is it to be rational? One answer, deeply embedded in the Western intellectual tradition since ancient Greece, is that rationality concerns reasoning according to the rules of logicthe formal theory that specifies the inferential connections that hold with certainty between propositions. Piaget viewed logical reasoning as defining the end-point of cognitive development; and contemporary psychology of reasoning has focussed on comparing human reasoning against logical standards. Bayesian Rationality argues that rationality is defined instead by the ability to reason about uncertainty. While people are typically poor at numerical reasoning about probability, human thought is sensitive to subtle patterns of qualitative Bayesian, probabilistic reasoning. In Chapter 14 of Bayesian Rationality, the case is made that cognition in general, and human everyday reasoning in particular, is best viewed as solving probabilistic, rather than logical, inference problems. In chapters 57 the psychology of deductive reasoning is tackled head-on: it is argued that purportedly logical reasoning problems, revealing apparently irrational behaviour, are better understood from a probabilistic point of view. Data from conditional reasoning, Wasons selection task, and syllogistic inference are captured by recasting these problems probabilistically. The probabilistic approach makes a variety of novel predictions which have been experimentally confirmed. The book considers the implications of this work, and the wider probabilistic turn in cognitive science and artificial intelligence, for understanding human rationality. Keywords: Reasoning, rationality, logic, probability, Bayes theorem, rational analysis, selection task, syllogisms, conditional inference, non-monotonic reasoning PRECIS: http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Oaksford-03132008/Referees/ ================================================================== BBS MULTIPLE BOOK REVIEW -- CALL RESPONSE INSTRUCTIONS ================================================================== Please DO NOT respond to this email. If you wish to submit a proposal for commentary and/or suggest potential commentators, please go to the new Online Commentary Proposal System at the following URL: http://www.bbsonline.org/perl/commentary/commproposal?authordir=Oaksford-03… * If you only wish to suggest potential commentators, please ignore prompts to submit a proposal with expertise information. * If you experience technical difficulties, please email bbs(a)bbsonline.org. * Please respond to this Call no later than April 11, 2008 NOTE: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) is an international, interdisciplinary journal providing Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences. Commentators must be BBS Associates, or suggested by a BBS Associate. If you are not a BBS Associate, please follow the instructions linked below: http://www.bbsonline.org/Instructions/associnst.html ================================================================== ================================================================== Barbara Finlay - Editor Paul Bloom - Editor Behavioral and Brain Sciences bbs(a)bbsonline.org http://www.bbsonline.org -------------------------------------------------------------------

18 years, 3 months

invitation to a philosophy talk

by Krisztina Biber

The CEU Department of Philosophy cordially invites you to a talk by Brad Inwood (University of Toronto) on Tria Genera Bonorum Tuesday, 25 March, 4.30 PM, Zrinyi 14, Room 412 Abstract: Go on, then, if you want, make your classifications and lay out your fancy distinctions of goods into three or four or many kinds! These categorizations have no bearing on the issue and this isnt the way to bring us over to Plato. This complaint from the Platonist Atticus reflects a long history of debate about the good. Is there just one kind of good (one thinks of Platos Form of the good) or are the complex classifications we find in later ancient texts closer to the truth? In this paper I try to reconstruct the history of the doctrine that there are goods of the body, goods of the soul, and external goods, along the way pointing to the moral of the story: that technical classifications can sharpen ethical discussion (such as the debate about the nature of the happy life) but can just as easily undermine it if taken too far. Platonists, Peripatetics and Stoics were all involved, but the positions taken do not align with school affiliations; the philosophical inclinations of individuals seem to play a greater role. Kriszta Biber Department Coordinator Philosophy Department Tel: 36-1-327-3806 Fax: 36-1-327-3072 E-mail: biberk(a)ceu.hu

18 years, 3 months

XXIIIrd Congress of History of Science

by George Kampis

----- Original Message ----- From: "Szegedi Péter" <pszegedi(a)caesar.elte.hu> To: <mafla(a)phil.elte.hu> Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2008 11:58 AM Subject: XXIIIrd Congress of History of Science Tisztelt Kollegak, Felhivom a figyelmuket az alabbi konferenciara: The International Union for the History and Philosophy of Science/Division of History of Science and Technology (IUHPS/DHST) is organizing its XXIIIrd Congress of History of Science and Technology from July 26-31, 2009 in Budapest, Hungary. Congress Secretariat c/o SCOPE Ltd. Kende u. 13-17. phone: +36-1-209-6001 fax: +36-1-386-9378 e-mail: ichst09(a)conferences.hu homepage: http://www.conferences.hu/ichst09 The main topic of the Congress is: "Ideas and Instruments in Social Context." This slogan, conjuring images of both scientific theory and practice, is meant to suggest a broad agenda, not a restrictive one. The organizers welcome a wide range of proposals for papers and sessions, covering any period from antiquity to the present and any place on the face of the globe. Although all presentations should relate to the history of science or technology, they may focus on institutions as well as beliefs, inventions as well as applications, the popular as well as the abstruse. They may explore the historical relations of science and technology with such topics as politics, medicine, religion, gender, education, and the arts-or look at the intersection of the history of science and technology with philosophy and sociology. Ideas mean, in this respect, all kinds of scientific, technical, philosophical, religious, political and social ideas that influenced, in a given period and in a given area, the development of science and technology. Topics that show the mutual influence of philosophical, religious, political and social ideas and scientific and technical development are highly appreciated. The analysis of ideas that brought into being or changed an instrument or an institution forms also part of the topic. All kinds of scientific and technical instruments as preserved in museums, descriptions, memories and in art belong to the topic of the congress. The influence of the instruments on the culture of the laboratories and on everyday life in the different periods is also a highly appreciated topic of the congress. The history of all kinds of "instruments" that helped or hindered the development of science and technology like legislation, international, state or local influence, and institutions are incorporated into the second part of the topic. For much of the history of our discipline, two separate and sometimes antagonistic approaches to the history of science have focused on the study of ideas, and on the study of instruments. However, in the past few decades, more and more scholars have striven to integrate both aspects, showing that instruments not only constitute the material culture of science, but also shape and even embody ideas. They are also central in understanding how science operates within societies, is shaped by the milieus as well as the material conditions in which it is produced, and in return contributes to the construction of these societies. The advent of "Big Science" in the twentieth century, closely dependent on highly sophisticated and costly instruments, has forcefully brought forward the importance of their study by historians of science. Moreover, the Budapest Congress will be the first to be held after our Division´s change of name from "Division of History of Science" to "Division of History of Science and Technology" in 2005. In order to explicitly bring out the ways in which science and technology have been interrelated in history and how studies of both fields are complementary, a series of plenary lectures, symposia and special sessions will be devoted to "Science and ideas in social context", with the aim of bringing together historians of science and historians of technology, and to enhance common discussion on objects that are traditionally regarded as pertaining exclusively to one or the other. The most important deadlines are: Deadline for symposia proposals 30 June 2008 Second Circular 30 September 2008 Deadline for determination of the final symposia programs 15 December 2008 Deadline for grant applications 15 January 2009 Confirmation of grant applications 15 February 2009 Deadline for submission of paper abstract 15 March 2009 Deadline for notification of working meeting by DHS Commission 15 March 2009 Deadline for acceptance of abstracts 15 April 2009 Deadline for early registration 30 April 2009 Deadline for hotel reservations 30 April 2009 Third Circular 31 May 2009 Opening of the Congress 26 July 2009 For all other information please visit the Congress homepage: http://www.conferences.hu/ichst09. To receive further information please register using the "Intention to participate form" on the website. We are looking forward to meeting you in Budapest in July 2009. On behalf of the Local Organizing Committee (LOC). Dr. Szegedi Peter a LOC tagja ================================================== Szegedi Peter pszegedi(a)caesar.elte.hu ELTE TTK Tudomanytortenet es Tudomanyfilozofia T. 1117 Budapest, Pazmany Peter setany 1/C I. 1.111 T/Rogz.: 209-0555/66-70 Fax: 209-0555/66-74 Postacim: 1518 Budapest Pf. 32 ================================================== _______________________________________________ MaFLa - Hungarian philosophers' mailing list Archives & Help: http://phil.elte.hu/mafla

18 years, 3 months

invitation to a philosophy talk - reminder

by Krisztina Biber

The CEU Department of Philosophy cordially invites you to a talk by Pascal Engel (Université de Genève) on Oughty Thoughts Tuesday, 18 March, 4.30 PM, Zrinyi 14, Room 412 ABSTRACT The thesis that mental content is normative is ambiguous and has many forms. I shall here deal only with the thesis that normativity is connected to our mental attitudes rather than with the content of the attitudes, and more specifically with the view that it is connected to belief. A number of writers have proposed various versions of a "norm of truth" attached to belief. I examine various versions of this claim, and defend it against recent criticisms according to which this norm lacks normative force, that is violates the principle that "ought" implies can", and that it is viciously circular. I defend the view that we should distinguish the statement of the objective norm and the way it is regulated, and that this distinction can answer most of the critisms of the norm of truth for belief. Kriszta Biber Department Coordinator Philosophy Department Tel: 36-1-327-3806 Fax: 36-1-327-3072

18 years, 3 months

INNS Award nominations

by Professor Ron Sun

**** INNS Award nominations **** INNS (International Neural Networks Society; http://www.inns.org) has a well established awards program, designed to recognize individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the field of Neural Networks. Up to three awards, one in each of the following categories, are presented annually at IJCNN to senior individuals for outstanding contributions made to the field of Neural Networks. The Hebb Award - recognizes achievement in biological learning. The Helmholtz Award - recognizes achievement in sensation/perception. The Gabor Award - recognizes achievement in engineering/application. In addition, there is the Young Investigator Award: up to two awards are presented annually to individuals with no more than five years postdoctoral experience and who are under forty years of age, for significant contributions in the field of Neural Networks. The INNS Awards Committee is now inviting nominations for the 2009 Hebb, Helmholtz, and Gabor awards as well as the Young Investigator awards. You can find the details of the nomination procedure on the INNS Web page: http://www.inns.org; please click on "awards program". I would urge you to think of highly qualified candidates and send in formal nominations for them (see the INNS web page for the instructions). Please email the nominations (along with attachments) directly to the chair of the Awards Committee at rsun(a)rpi.edu by May 1, 2008. Ron Sun Chair, Awards Committee ======================================================== Professor Ron Sun Cognitive Science Department Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 110 Eighth Street, Carnegie 302A Troy, NY 12180, USA phone: 518-276-3409 fax: 518-276-3017 email: rsun(a)rpi.edu web: http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun =======================================================

18 years, 3 months

invitation to a philosophy talk

by Krisztina Biber

18 years, 3 months

Theoretical Philosophy Forum, Christophe Heintz

by Laszlo E. Szabo

THEORETICAL PHILOSOPHY FORUM Institute of Philosophy Faculty of Humanities, Eotvos University Room 226 Monday 4:00 PM Muzeum krt. 4/i, Budapest Web site: http://phil.elte.hu/tpf 17 March 4:00 PM Room 226 Christophe Heintz Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Altenberg, Austria A cognitive history of calculus: how infinitesimals went to the limit Abstract: http://phil.elte.hu/tpf/2007-2008/March/#3 ___________________________________ The Forum is open to everyone, including students,visitors, and faculty members from all departments and institutes! Format: 60 minute lecture, 10 minute coffee break, followed by a 30-60 minute discussion. The language of presentation is English or Hungarian. A printable poster is available from here: http://phil.elte.hu/tpf/2007-2008/March/poster.pdf Please feel free to post it in your institution! The organizer of the Forum: Laszlo E. Szabo (leszabo(a)phil.elte.hu) -- L a s z l o E. S z a b o Department of Logic, Institute of Philosophy Faculty of Humanities, Eotvos University, Budapest http://phil.elte.hu/leszabo

18 years, 3 months

invitation to a philosophy talk - reminder

by Krisztina Biber

The CEU Department of Philosophy cordially invites you to a talk by Øystein Linnebo (University of Bristol) on Ontological Minimalism Tuesday, 11 March, 4.30 PM, Zrinyi 14, Room 412 ABSTRACT A number of philosophers have been attracted to the idea that the existence of certain kinds of objects is "cheap", in the sense that very little is required for there to be objects of the kind in question. For instance, Frege and neo-Fregeans hold that nothing more is required for the existence of directions than that there be lines standing in the relation of parallelism; mathematical structuralists hold that nothing more is required for the existence of mathematical objects than that there could be concrete realizations of certain structures; and some metaphysicians hold that nothing more is required for the existence of mereological sums than that the relevant parts exist. I examine some problems with existing forms of ontological minimalism. Then I develop what I take to be a better form of the view, based on an assimilation of objects to semantic values and a minimalist account of what is required for an expression to have a semantic value. Kriszta Biber Department Coordinator Philosophy Department Tel: 36-1-327-3806 Fax: 36-1-327-3072

18 years, 3 months

nmeghívó

by Horvath Zsuzsa

Kedves Kollégák! Mellékelem a következő Kognitív Péntekre - március 14-ére - szóló meghívót! Üdvözlettel: HZS Horváth Zsuzsa ELTE PPK Kognitív Pszichológiai Tanszék 1064 Bp. Izabella u. 46. horvath.zsuzsa(a)ppk.elte.hu Tel/fax: 461-2649

18 years, 3 months

Rips et al/From Numerical Concepts to Concepts of Number: BBS Call for Commentators

by Behavioral & Brain Sciences

Dear Dr. Qwerty, ================================================================== *** CALL RESPONSE INSTRUCTIONS *** ================================================================== Please DO NOT respond to this email. If you wish to submit a proposal for commentary and/or suggest potential commentators, please go to the new Online Commentary Proposal System at the following URL: http://www.bbsonline.org/perl/commentary/commproposal?authordir=Rips-082420… * If you only wish to suggest potential commentators, please ignore prompts to submit a proposal with expertise information. * If you experience technical difficulties, please email bbs(a)bbsonline.org. * Please respond to this Call no later than March 31, 2008 NOTE: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) is an international, interdisciplinary journal providing Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences. Commentators must be BBS Associates, or suggested by a BBS Associate. If you are not a BBS Associate, please follow the instructions linked below: http://www.bbsonline.org/Instructions/associnst.html ================================================================== ** Target Article Information ** ================================================================== To help you decide whether you would be an appropriate commentator for this article, an unedited, uncorrected target article is retrievable at the URL that follows the abstract and keywords below. This unedited draft has been prepared only for potential commentators who wish to nominate themselves for formal commentary invitation. Please DO NOT write a commentary until you receive a formal invitation. If you are invited to submit a commentary, a copyedited, corrected version of this paper will be posted in the invitation letter. The commentary invitation list is compiled by the Editors so as to balance proposals, areas of expertise, and frequency of prior commentaries in BBS. TITLE: From Numerical Concepts to Concepts of Number AUTHORS: Lance J. Rips Amber Bloomfield, and Jennifer Asmuth ABSTRACT: Many experiments with infants suggest that they possess quantitative abilities, and many experimentalists believe these abilities set the stage for later mathematics: the natural numbers and arithmetic. But the connection between these early and later skills is far from obvious. We evaluate two possible routes to mathematics and argue that neither is sufficient: (a) We first sketch what we think is the most likely model for infant abilities in this domain, and we examine proposals for extrapolating the natural number concept from these beginnings. Proposals for arriving at natural number by (empirical) induction presuppose the mathematical concepts they seek to explain. Moreover, standard experimental tests for childrens understanding of number terms do not necessarily tap these concepts. (b) True concepts of number do appear, however, when children are able to understand generalizations over all numbers, for example, the principle of additive commutativity (a + b = b + a). Theories of how children learn such principles usually rely on a process of mapping from physical object groupings. But both experimental results and theoretical considerations imply that direct mapping is insufficient for acquiring these principles. We suggest instead that children may arrive at natural numbers and arithmetic by constructing mathematical schemas on a base of innate abilities and math principles. KEYWORDS: mathematical concepts; acquisition of natural numbers; representations of mathematics; theories of mathematical cognition FULL TEXT: http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Rips-08242006/Referees/ ================================================================== *** CALL RESPONSE INSTRUCTIONS *** ================================================================== Please DO NOT respond to this email. If you wish to submit a proposal for commentary and/or suggest potential commentators, please go to the new Online Commentary Proposal System at the following URL: http://www.bbsonline.org/perl/commentary/commproposal?authordir=Rips-082420… * If you only wish to suggest potential commentators, please ignore prompts to submit a proposal with expertise information. * If you experience technical difficulties, please email bbs(a)bbsonline.org. * Please respond to this Call no later than March 31, 2008 NOTE: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) is an international, interdisciplinary journal providing Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences. Commentators must be BBS Associates, or suggested by a BBS Associate. If you are not a BBS Associate, please follow the instructions linked below: http://www.bbsonline.org/Instructions/associnst.html ================================================================== ================================================================== Paul Bloom - Editor Barbara Finlay - Editor Behavioral and Brain Sciences bbs(a)bbsonline.org http://www.bbsonline.org -------------------------------------------------------------------

18 years, 3 months

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