Pulvermueller et al: BRAIN RHYTHMS, CELL ASSEMBLIES AND COGNITION
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TARGET ARTICLE AUTHOR'S RATIONALE FOR SOLICITING COMMENTARY:
Fast periodic brain responses have been investigated in various
mammals, humans included. Although most neuroscientists agree on the
importance of these processes, it is not at all clear what role they
play in cortical and subcortical processing. Are they simply a
byproduct of perceptual processes, or do they play a role in what can
be called higher or cognitive processing in the brain? We tried to
answer this question by performing experiments in which spectral
responses to meaningful words and physically similar but meaningless
pseudowords were recorded from the human cortex. The result,
differential 30-Hz responses to these stimuli, is interpreted in the
framework of a Hebbian cell assembly theory. We hope that both the
results and the brain-theoretic approach will stimulate a fruitful
multidisciplinary discussion.
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psycoloquy.94.5.48.brain-rhythms.1.pulvermueller Friday 19 August 1994
ISSN 1055-0143 (30 paragraphs, 10 figs, 9 notes, 61 refs, 1203 lines)
PSYCOLOQUY is sponsored by the American Psychological Association (APA)
Copyright 1994 Friedemann Pulvermueller et al.
BRAIN RHYTHMS, CELL ASSEMBLIES AND COGNITION:
EVIDENCE FROM THE PROCESSING OF WORDS AND PSEUDOWORDS
Friedemann Pulvermueller (1)
Hubert Preissl (1)
Carsten Eulitz (2)
Christo Pantev (2)
Werner Lutzenberger (1)
Thomas Elbert (2)
Niels Birbaumer (1, 3)
(1) Institut fuer Medizinische Psychologie und
Verhaltensneurobiologie, Universitaet Tuebingen,
Gartenstrasse 29, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
PUMUE(a)mailserv.zdv.uni-tuebingen.de
(2) Institut fuer Experimentelle Audiologie,
Universitaet Muenster, Kardinal von Galen-Ring 10,
48149 Muenster, Germany
(3) Universita degli Studi, Padova, Italy
ABSTRACT: In modern brain theory, cortical cell assemblies are
assumed to form the basis of higher brain functions such as form
and word processing. When gestures or words are produced and
perceived repeatedly by the infant, cell assemblies develop which
represent these building blocks of cognitive processing. This leads
to an obvious prediction: cell assembly activation ("ignition")
should take place upon presentation of items relevant for cognition
(e.g., words, such as "moon"), whereas no ignition should occur
with meaningless items (e.g., pseudowords, such as "noom"). Cell
assembly activity may be reflected by high-frequency brain
responses, such as synchronous oscillations or rhythmic
spatiotemporal activity patterns in which large numbers of neurons
participate. In recent MEG and EEG experiments, differential
gamma-band responses of the human brain were observed upon
presentation of words and pseudowords. These findings are
consistent with the view that fast coherent and rhythmic activation
of large neuronal assemblies takes place with word but not
pseudowords.
KEYWORDS: brain theory, cell assembly, cognition, event related
potentials (ERP), electroencephalograph (EEG), gamma band, Hebb,
language, lexical processing, magnetoencephalography (MEG),
psychophysiology, periodicity, power spectral analysis, synchrony
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A couple of actual papers about:
--------------------------------------------------------------
--- Learning, Robotics, Visual Search, Navigation, ---
--- Topologic Maps & Robust Mobile Robots ---
--- Neural Networks ---
--------------------------------------------------------------
are now available via FTP:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- Comparing World-Modelling Strategies for Autonomous Mobile Robots
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- File name is : Zimmer.Comparison.ps.Z ---
IWK `94, Ilmenau, Germany, September 27 - 30, 1994
Comparing World-Modelling Strategies for Autonomous Mobile Robots
Uwe R. Zimmer & Ewald von Puttkamer
The focus of this paper is on strategies for adapting a couple of
internal representations to the actual environment of a mobile robot.
From the range of approaches, two different (and in a sense
orthogonal) basic ideas are discussed, regarding computational effort,
stability, reliability, sensor requirements, and consistency as well
as their useful applications. The first approach is an exact,
geometric technique using line representations extracted from the
information produced by a laser-range finder. The second discussed
possibility is a qualitative, topologic mapping of the environment
using neural clustering techniques. Both presented classes of
environment-modelling strategies are evaluated on the basis of
principal arguments and of simulations resp. tests on real robots.
Experiences from the MOBOT resp. the ALICE project are discussed
together with some related work.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- ALICE - Topographic Exploration, Cartography and Adaptive Navigation
--- on a Simple Mobile Robot
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- File name is : Zimmer.ALICE.ps.Z
TSRPC '94, Leeuwenhorst, The Netherlands, June 24-26, 1994
ALICE - Topographic Exploration, Cartography and Adaptive Navigation
on a Simple Mobile Robot
Pascal Lefevre, Andreas Pruess & Uwe R. Zimmer
A sub-symbolic, adaptive approach to the basic world-modelling,
navigation and exploration tasks of a mobile robot is discussed in
this paper. One of the main goals is to adapt a couple of internal
representations to a moderate structured and dynamic environment. The
main internal world model is a qualitative, topologic map, which is
continuously adapted to the actual environment. This adaptation is
based on passive light and touch sensors as well as on a internal
position calculated by dead-reckoning and by correlation to distinct
sensor situations. Due to the fact that ALICE is an embedded system
with a continuous flow of sensor-samples (i.e. without the possibility
to stop this data-flow), realtime aspects have to be handled.
ALICE is implemented as a mobile platform with an on-board computer
and as a simulation, where light distributions and position drifts are
considered.
------------------------------------------------------------------
FTP-information (anonymous login):
FTP-Server is : ag_vp_file_server.informatik.uni-kl.de
Mode is : binary
Directory is : Neural_Networks/Reports
File names are : Zimmer.ALICE.ps.Z
Zimmer.Comparison.ps.Z
Zimmer.Navigation.ps.Z
Zimmer.Topologic.ps.Z
Zimmer.Visual_Search.ps.Z
Zimmer.Learning_Surfaces.ps.Z
Zimmer.SPIN-NFDS.ps.Z
.. or ...
FTP-Server is : ftp.uni-kl.de
Mode is : binary
Directory is : reports_uni-kl/computer_science/mobile_robots/...
Subdirectory is : 1994/papers
File names are : Zimmer.ALICE.ps.Z
Zimmer.Comparison.ps.Z
Zimmer.Navigation.ps.Z
Zimmer.Topologic.ps.Z
Zimmer.Visual_Search.ps.Z
Subdirectory is : 1993/papers
File names are : Zimmer.learning_surfaces.ps.Z
Zimmer.SPIN-NFDS.ps.Z
Subdirectory is : 1992/papers
File name is : Zimmer.rt_communication.ps.Z
Subdirectory is : 1991/papers
File names are : Edlinger.Pos_Estimation.ps.Z
Edlinger.Eff_Navigation.ps.Z
Knieriemen.euromicro_91.ps.Z
Zimmer.albatross.ps.Z
.. or ...
FTP-Server is : archive.cis.ohio-state.edu
Mode is : binary
Directory is : /pub/neuroprose
File names are : zimmer.alice.ps.Z
zimmer.comparison.ps.Z
zimmer.navigation.ps.z
zimmer.visual_search.ps.z
zimmer.learning_surfaces.ps.z
zimmer.spin-nfds.ps.z
------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------
-----
Uwe R. Zimmer ---
University of Kaiserslautern - Computer Science Department |
Research Group Prof. v. Puttkamer |
67663 Kaiserslautern - Germany |
-------------------------------------------------------------- |
P.O.Box:3049 | Phone:+49 631 205 2624 | Fax:+49 631 205 2803 |
ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/neuroprose/burgess.hbtnn.ps.Z
The above/below file has been put on neuroprose for anonymous ftp, www
or whatever, contact n.burgess(a)ucl.ac.uk with any retrieval problems.
All the best,
Neil
HIPPOCAMPUS - SPATIAL MODELS
Neil Burgess, Michael Recce & John O'Keefe
Dept. of Anatomy, University College London,
London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
e-mail: n.burgess(a)ucl.ac.uk
This is a brief review of models of the hippocampus, focussing on
spatial aspects of cell-firing and hippocampal function.
To appear in `The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks'
(M. A. Arbib Ed.), Bradford Books/ MIT Press, 1995, and restricted in
length and number of citations accordingly.
8 pages, 0.46 Mbytes uncompressed,
hard-copies availible in extreme circumstances only.
From: payette(a)uranus.atoci.uqam.ca
Subject: French International Cognitive Science Conference
ANNOUNCEMENT
The Seventh Colloquium of the Jacques Cartier Center
Lyon, France.
THE COGNITIVE SCIENCES: FROM COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF MIND
under the aegis of:
the Pole Rhones-Alpes of the Cognitive Sciences,
Programme Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Cognisciences,CNRS
Universite du Quebec a Montreal
Universite de Montreal
Universite Joseph Fourier
Universite Claude Bernard
Scientific committee:
Denis Fisette (Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Quebec)
Marc Jeannerod (Universite Claude Bernard, Lyon)
Daniel Laurier (Universite de Montreal, Quebec)
Daniel Payette (Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Quebec)
Vincent Rialle (Universite Joseph Fourier, Grenoble)
Guy Tiberghien (Universite Pierre Mendes-France, Grenoble)
Coordination in North America: Daniel Payette and Denis Fisette
Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Dpt de Philosophie, Dpt Psychology; C.P.
8888,Succ A, Montreal (Quebec) H3C-3P8, Canada;
E.mail : payette(a)uranus.atoci.uqam.ca;
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Cedex E.mail: Vincent.Rialle(a)imag.fr;
Tel. (+33) 76 63 71 87; Fax. (+33) 76 51 8667
DATES: Wednesday, November 30th to Friday, December 2nd 1994
CONFERENCE SITE:
Amphitheatre CHARLES BERAUDIER. Conseil Regional RHONE-ALPES,78 route de
Paris 69751 CHARBONNIERES-les-BAINS. France
*Talks will only be given by invited speakers. (Simultaneous
French-English and English-French will be provided).
THEME OF COLLOQUIUM
The modeling of mental processes in the various human cognitive
activities has generated increasing interest in the scientific world
today. Cognitive models, cognitive simulations, auto-organization,
adaptation, emergence, genetic selection, Darwinian mentalism and
enaction are active research topics in neurological and psychological
theory.
The cognitive sciences offer a continuum of research extending from the
engineering sciences to the philosophy of mind, including the
neurosciences, cognitive psychology, linguistics, semantics, semiotics
and artificial intelligence. Three subconferences will organize
themselves around the following major complementary themes: (i)
Modeling (cognitive and brain functions), (ii) Philosophy of Mind and
Epistemology, and (iii) Applications (AI, technical and computational
engineering).
(i) Modeling is a point of intersection for all these specialties
because it includes the modeling of functions and dysfunctions of the
central nervous system, the neurocomputer sciences, the modeling of
psychocognitive and mental processes, the emergence of intentional
structure on the basis of biological structure, enaction, genetic
algorithms, neural networks, artificial "life," etc.
(ii) The philosophical and epistemological subcomponent poses questions
like the following: Can we elaborate mathematical models of the mind
and use them to describe and explain human behavior? Are we aiming
toward a mathematical model of the mind? Can we capture the formal
principles of the development and emergence of cognition? Can we
technologically recreate thought? Is the computational symbolic
paradigm, which has imposed itself for the last decades, still a
powerful conceptual tool or is it proving too reductionistic and if so,
how? What is the epistemological status of, for example, the
alternative proposed by the parallel distributed model to the
computational models of classical cognitivism? What is the relation os
the modeling activity of the cognitive and neurosciences and human
experience?
(iii) The applications subconference will consider practical domains in
which scientific results have been applied in the treatment of
language, the automated cognitive analyses of textual documents (an
intersection of linguistics, semantics, semiotics and artificial
intelligence), aids to decision making, applications in sensory
information processing, etc.
PREPROGRAM
WEDNESDAY, 30 November 1994
8h15 - 8h30
Allocution d'accueil du Conseil Regional
8h30 - 9h
Guy Tiberghien (Universite Pierre Mendes-France, Grenoble)
Introduction
SESSION 1 : Modelisation neuro et psycho-cognitives
9h - 9h-30
Jean Francois Le Ny (Universite Paris-Sud, psychologie cognitive)
Pourquoi les modeles cognitifs devraient-ils etre calculatoires ?
9h30 - 9h45 Discussion
9h-45 - 10h15
Marc Jeannerod (Universite Claude Bernard, Lyon, neurosciences)
Le cerveau representationnel
10h15 - 10h30 Discussion
10h30 - 10h45 PAUSE
10h45 - 11h15
Zenon Pylyshyn (Rutgers University, USA, psychologie cognitive)
What's in the Mind? A Computational Approach to a Ancient Question.
11h15 - 11h30 Discussion
11h30 - 12h00
Stevan Harnad (Princeton University, psychologie cognitive)
Modeles, mobiles et mentalite
12h00 - 12h15 Discussion
MEAL
14h00 - 14h30
Michel Imbert (Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, neurosciences)
De l'etude du cerveau a la comprehension de l'esprit
14h30 - 14h45 Discussion
14h45 - 15h15
Guy Tiberghien (Univers Pierre Mendes-France,Grenoble,psychologie
cognitive)
Connexionnisme: stade supreme du behaviorisme ?
15h15 - 15h30 Discussion
15h30 - 15h45 PAUSE
15h45 - 16h15
Jacques Demongeot (Universite Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, neurosciences)
Memoire d'evocation dans les reseaux de neurones
16h15 - 16h30 Discussion
16h30 - 17h00
Bennet Murdock (Universite de Toronto, psychologie cognitive)
THE ROLE OF FORMAL MODELS IN MEMORY RESEARCH
17h00 - 17h15 Discussion
17h15 - 17h45
Robert Proulx (Universite du Quebec a Montreal, neuro-psychologie)
Plausibilite biologique de certains systemes de categorisation adaptative a
base de reseaux de neurones
17h45 - 18h00 Discussion
TUESDAY, December 1
Session 2 : Epistemology, Philosophy of Mind and Cognition
9h - 9h30
Elisabeth Pacherie (Universite de Provence, CNRS & CREA, Paris)
Domaines cognitifs et modularite
9h30 - 9h45 Discussion
9h-45 - 10h15
Pierre Livet (Universite de Provence & CREA, Paris, philosophie)
Categorisation et connexionnisme
10h15 - 10h30 Discussion
10h30 - 10h45 PAUSE
Normand Lacharite (Universite du Quebec a Montreal, epistemologie)
10h45 - 11h15
Conflits de modeles en theorie de la representation
11h15 - 11h30 Discussion
11h30 - 12h00
Peter Gardenfors (Lund University, Suede, philosophie)
Language and the Evolution of Mind
12h15 - 12h15 Discussion
MEAL
14h00 - 14h30
Andy Clark (Washington University, philosophie)
Wild Cognition: Putting Representation in its Place
14h30 - 14h45 Discussion
14h45 - 15h15
Kevin Mulligan (Universite de Geneve, Suisse, philosophie)
Constance perceptuelle et contenu spatial
15h15 - 15h30 Discussion
15h30 - 15h45 PAUSE
15h45 - 16h15
Ronald De Sousa (Universite de Toronto, epistemologie)
La rationalite: un concept normatif ou descriptif ?
16h15 - 16h30 Discussion
16h30 - 17h00
Daniel Laurier (Universite de Montreal, philosophie)
Rationalite et naturalisme
17h00 - 17h15 Discussion
17h15 - 17h45
Joelle Proust (CNRS & CREA, Paris, philosophie)
Un modele naturaliste de l'intentionnalite
17h45 - 18h00 Discussion
FRIDAY, December 2
Session 3: Modelisation IA, Traitement du langage, et semantique cognitive
Paul Jorion (Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, Paris, psychologie cognitive)
9h - 9h30
Modelisation du reseau mnesique : une utilisation minimaliste de l'IA
9h30 - 9h45 Discussion
9h-45 - 10h15
Bernard Amy (Universite Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, connexionnisme)
La place des reseaux neuronaux dans l'IA
10h15 - 10h30 Discussion
10h30 - 10h45 PAUSE
10h45 - 11h15
Paul Bourgine (CEMAGREF, Paris-Antony, IA-modelisation)
Co-evolution et emergence du soi
11h15 - 11h30 Discussion
11h30 - 12h00
Paul Pietroski (Universite McGill, Canada, philosophie)
What can linguistics teach us about belief
12h00 - 12h15 Discussion
MEAL
14h00 - 14h30
Le paradigme hermeneutique et la mediation semiotique
Francois Rastier (Institut National de la Langue Francaise, CNRS,
linguistique computationnelle)
14h30 - 14h45 Discussion
14h45 - 15h15
L'impact des perspectives cognitives dans le traitement de l'information
Jean-Guy Meunier (Universite du Quebec a Montreal, semiotique)
15h15 - 15h30 Discussion
15h30 - 15h45 PAUSE
15h45 - 16h15
Guy Denhiere (Universite Paris VIII, psychologie cognitive)
Isabelle Tapiero (Universite Lyon II, psychologie cognitive)
La signification comme structure emergente : de l'acces au lexique a la
comprehension de textes
16h15 - 16h30 Discussion
16h30 - 17h00
Paul Freedman (Centre de Recherche en Informatique de Montreal, IA)
La vision artificielle: le traitement intelligent de documents
17h00 - 17h15 Discussion
17h15 - 17h45
Denis Vernant (Universite Pierre Mendes-France, Grenoble, philosophie)
L'intelligence de la machine et sa capacite dialogique
17h45 - 18h00 Discussion
18h00: END OF COLLOQUIUM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
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CALL FOR BOOK REVIEWERS
Below is the Abstract of a Precis of SUBSYMBOLIC NATURAL LANGUAGE
PROCESSING by Risto Mikkulainen (Precis retrievable from
ftp://princeton.edu/pub/harnad/Psycoloquy
filename: psyc.94.5.46.language-network.1.miikkulainen)
This book has been selected for multiple review in PSYCOLOQUY. If you
wish to submit a formal book review (see Instructions following Precis)
please write to psyc(a)pucc.bitnet indicating what expertise you would
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(If you have never reviewed for PSYCOLOQUY or Behavioral & Brain
Sciences before, it would be helpful if you could also append a copy of
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let us know if you have a copy already). Reviews may also be submitted
without invitation, but all reviews will be refereed. The author will
reply to all accepted reviews.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
psycoloquy.94.5.46.language-network.1.miikkulainen Monday 8 Aug 1994
ISSN 1055-0143 (34 paragraphs, 1 fig, 1 note, 16 references, 609 lines)
PSYCOLOQUY is sponsored by the American Psychological Association (APA)
Copyright 1994 Risto Miikkulainen
Precis of:
SUBSYMBOLIC NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING:
AN INTEGRATED MODEL OF SCRIPTS, LEXICON, AND MEMORY
Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993
15 chapters, 403 Pages
Risto Miikkulainen
Department of Computer Sciences
The University of Texas at Austin
Austin, TX 78712
risto(a)cs.utexas.edu
ABSTRACT: Distributed neural networks have been very successful in
modeling isolated cognitive phenomena, but complex high-level
behavior has been amenable only to symbolic artificial intelligence
techniques. Aiming to bridge this gap, this book describes
DISCERN, a complete natural language processing system implemented
entirely at the subsymbolic level. In DISCERN, distributed neural
network models of parsing, generating, reasoning, lexical
processing and episodic memory are integrated into a single system
that learns to read, paraphrase, and answer questions about
stereotypical narratives. Using DISCERN as an example, a general
approach to building high-level cognitive models from distributed
neural networks is introduced, and the special properties of such
networks are shown to provide insight into human performance. In
this approach, connectionist networks are not only plausible models
of isolated cognitive phenomena, but also sufficient constituents
for generating complex, high-level behavior.
KEYWORDS: computational modeling, connectionism, distributed neural
networks, episodic memory, lexicon, natural language processing,
scripts.
XII. TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I Overview
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Overview of DISCERN
PART II Processing Mechanisms
4 Backpropagation Networks
5 Developing Representations in FGREP Modules
6 Building from FGREP Modules
PART III Memory Mechanisms
7 Self-Organizing Feature Maps
8 Episodic Memory Organization: Hierarchical Feature Maps
9 Episodic Memory Storage and Retrieval: Trace Feature Maps
10 Lexicon
PART IV Evaluation
11 Behavior of the Complete Model
12 Discussion
13 Comparison to Related Work
14 Extensions and Future Work
15 Conclusions
APPENDICES
A Story Data
B Implementation Details
C Instructions for Obtaining the DISCERN Software
--------------------------------------------------------------------
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in mind.
1. Before preparing your review, please read carefully
the Instructions for Authors and Commentators and examine
recent numbers of PSYCOLOQUY.
2. Reviews should not exceed 500 lines. Where judged necessary
by the Editor, reviews will be formally refereed.
3. Please provide a title for your review. As many
commentators will address the same general topic, your
title should be a distinctive one that reflects the gist
of your specific contribution and is suitable for the
kind of keyword indexing used in modern bibliographic
retrieval systems. Each review should also have a brief
(~50-60 word) Abstract
4. All paragraphs should be numbered consecutively. Line length
should not exceed 72 characters. The review should begin with
the title, your name and full institutional address (including zip
code) and email address. References must be prepared in accordance
with the examples given in the Instructions. Please read the
sections of the Instruction for Authors concerning style,
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PSYCOLOQUY AUTHORS AND COMMENTATORS
PSYCOLOQUY is a refereed electronic journal (ISSN 1055-0143) sponsored
on an experimental basis by the American Psychological Association
and currently estimated to reach a readership of 40,000. PSYCOLOQUY
publishes brief reports of new ideas and findings on which the author
wishes to solicit rapid peer feedback, international and
interdisciplinary ("Scholarly Skywriting"), in all areas of psychology
and its related fields (biobehavioral science, cognitive science,
neuroscience, social science, etc.). All contributions are refereed.
Target article length should normally not exceed 500 lines [c. 4500 words].
Commentaries and responses should not exceed 200 lines [c. 1800 words].
All target articles, commentaries and responses must have (1) a short
abstract (up to 100 words for target articles, shorter for commentaries
and responses), (2) an indexable title, (3) the authors' full name(s)
and institutional address(es).
In addition, for target articles only: (4) 6-8 indexable keywords,
(5) a separate statement of the authors' rationale for soliciting
commentary (e.g., why would commentary be useful and of interest to the
field? what kind of commentary do you expect to elicit?) and
(6) a list of potential commentators (with their email addresses).
All paragraphs should be numbered in articles, commentaries and
responses (see format of already published articles in the PSYCOLOQUY
archive; line length should be < 80 characters, no hyphenation).
It is strongly recommended that all figures be designed so as to be
screen-readable ascii. If this is not possible, the provisional
solution is the less desirable hybrid one of submitting them as
postscript files (or in some other universally available format) to be
printed out locally by readers to supplement the screen-readable text
of the article.
PSYCOLOQUY also publishes multiple reviews of books in any of the above
fields; these should normally be the same length as commentaries, but
longer reviews will be considered as well. Book authors should submit a
500-line self-contained Precis of their book, in the format of a target
article; if accepted, this will be published in PSYCOLOQUY together
with a formal Call for Reviews (of the book, not the Precis). The
author's publisher must agree in advance to furnish review copies to the
reviewers selected.
Authors of accepted manuscripts assign to PSYCOLOQUY the right to
publish and distribute their text electronically and to archive and
make it permanently retrievable electronically, but they retain the
copyright, and after it has appeared in PSYCOLOQUY authors may
republish their text in any way they wish -- electronic or print -- as
long as they clearly acknowledge PSYCOLOQUY as its original locus of
publication. However, except in very special cases, agreed upon in
advance, contributions that have already been published or are being
considered for publication elsewhere are not eligible to be considered
for publication in PSYCOLOQUY,
Please submit all material to psyc(a)pucc.bitnet or psyc(a)pucc.princeton.edu
Anonymous ftp archive is DIRECTORY pub/harnad/Psycoloquy HOST princeton.edu
Below is the abstract of a forthcoming target article by:
A.G. Feldman & M.F. Levin
on:
POSITIONAL FRAMES OF REFERENCE IN MOTOR CONTROL
This article has been accepted for publication in Behavioral and Brain
Sciences (BBS), an international, interdisciplinary journal providing
Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in
the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences.
Commentators must be current BBS Associates or nominated by a current
BBS Associate. To be considered as a commentator for this article, to
suggest other appropriate commentators, or for information about how to
become a BBS Associate, please send email to:
harnad(a)clarity.princeton.edu or harnad(a)pucc.bitnet or write to:
BBS, 20 Nassau Street, #240, Princeton NJ 08542 [tel: 609-921-7771]
To help us put together a balanced list of commentators, please give
some indication of the aspects of the topic on which you would bring
your areas of expertise to bear if you were selected as a commentator.
An electronic draft of the full text is available for inspection by
anonymous ftp according to the instructions that follow after the abstract.
____________________________________________________________________
POSITIONAL FRAMES OF REFERENCE IN MOTOR CONTROL: ORIGIN AND USE
Anatol G. Feldman (1,2,4) & Mindy F. Levin (2,3,4)
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montreal (1)
Research Centre, Rehabilitation Institute of Montreal, H3S 2J4 (2)
School of Rehabilitation, University of Montreal (3)
Centre for Research in Neurological Sciences, University of Montreal (4)
EMAIL:Feldman@ere.umontreal.ca
KEYWORDS: motor control, frames of reference, motoneurons, control
variables, proprioception, kinaesthesis, equilibrium points,
multi-muscle systems, pointing, synergy, redundancy problem.
ABSTRACT: A hypothesis about sensorimotor integration (the lambda
model) is described and applied to movement control and
kinesthesia. The nervous system organizes positional frames of
reference for the sensorimotor apparatus and produces active
movements by shifting frames in terms of spatial coordinates.
Kinematic and electromyographic patterns are not programmed but
emerge from the dynamic interaction of the system's components,
including external forces, within the designated frame of
reference. Motoneuronal threshold properties and proprioceptive
inputs to motoneurons may be important components in the
physiological mechanism which produces positional frames of
reference. The hypothesis that intentional movements are produced
by shifting the frame of reference is extended to multi-muscle and
multi-degrees of freedom systems by providing a solution for the
redundancy problem the allows the control of a joint alone or in
combination with other joints to produce any desired limb
configuration and movement trajectory. For each motor behavior, the
nervous system uses a strategy which minimizes the number of
changeable control variables and keep sthe parameters of these
changes invariant. This is illustrated by examples of simulated
kinematic and electromyographic signals from single- and
multi-joint arm movements produced by patterns of control
variables. Empirical support is provided and additional tests are
suggested. The model is contrasted with others based on the ideas
of programming of motoneuronal activity, muscle forces, stiffness
or movement kinematics.
--------------------------------------------------------------
To help you decide whether you would be an appropriate commentator for
this article, an electronic draft is retrievable by anonymous ftp from
princeton.edu according to the instructions below (the filename is
bbs.feldman). Please do not prepare a commentary on this draft.
Just let us know, after having inspected it, what relevant expertise
you feel you would bring to bear on what aspect of the article.
The file is also retrievable using archie, gopher, and World-Wide Web
URLs (Universal Resource Locators):
ftp://princeton.edu/pub/harnad/BBS/gopher://gopher.princeton.edu/1ftp%3aprinceton.edu%40/pub/harnad/BBS/http://192.190.21.10/wic/psych.02.html
-------------------------------------------------------------
To retrieve a file by ftp from an Internet site, type either:
ftp princeton.edu
or
ftp 128.112.128.1
When you are asked for your login, type:
anonymous
Enter password as queried (your password is your actual userid:
yourlogin(a)yourhost.whatever.whatever - be sure to include the "@")
cd /pub/harnad/BBS
To show the available files, type:
ls
Next, retrieve the file you want with (for example):
get bbs.feldman
When you have the file(s) you want, type:
quit
----------
Where the above procedure is not available there are two fileservers:
ftpmail(a)decwrl.dec.com
and
bitftp(a)pucc.bitnet
that will do the transfer for you. To one or the
other of them, send the following one line message:
help
for instructions (which will be similar to the above, but will be in
the form of a series of lines in an email message that ftpmail or
bitftp will then execute for you).
JANET users without ftp can instead utilise the file transfer facilities
at sites uk.ac.ft-relay or uk.ac.nsf.sun. Full details are available on
request.
-------------------------------------------------------------
******** Deadline for electronic submission is August 1st *********
**********************************************************************
INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL
in
COGNITIVE SCIENCE
Sofia, September 12-24, 1994
The Summer School features introductory and advanced courses in Cognitive
Science, participant symposia, discussions, and student sessions.
Participants will include university teachers and researchers, graduate
and senior undergraduate students.
International Advisory Board
Elizabeth BATES (University of California at San Diego, USA)
Amedeo CAPPELLI (CNR, Pisa, Italy)
Cristiano CASTELFRANCHI (CNR, Roma, Italy)
Daniel DENNETT (Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA)
Ennio De RENZI (University of Modena, Italy)
Charles DE WEERT (University of Nijmegen, Holland )
Christian FREKSA (Hamburg University, Germany)
Dedre GENTNER (Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA)
Christopher HABEL (Hamburg University, Germany)
Joachim HOHNSBEIN (Dortmund University, Germany)
Douglas HOFSTADTER (Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA)
Keith HOLYOAK (University of California at Los Angeles, USA)
Mark KEANE (Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland)
Alan LESGOLD (University of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, USA)
Willem LEVELT (Max-Plank Institute of Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Holland)
David RUMELHART (Stanford University, California, USA)
Richard SHIFFRIN (Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA)
Paul SMOLENSKY (University of Colorado, Boulder, USA)
Chris THORNTON (University of Sussex, Brighton, England)
Carlo UMILTA' (University of Padova, Italy)
Local Organizers
New Bulgarian University
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Bulgarian Cognitive Science Society
Local Organizing Committee
Boicho Kokinov - School Director
Lilia Gurova, Vesselin Zaimov, Vassil Nikolov, Lora Likova,
Marina Yoveva, Pasha Nikolova
Courses
Qualitative Spatial Reasoning
Christian Freksa (Hamburg University, Germany)
Computer Models of Analogy-Making
Bob French (Indiana University, USA)
Social Cognition
Rosaria Conte (CNR, Roma, Italy)
Multi-Agent Systems
Iain Craig (University of Warwick, England)
Cognitive Aspects of Language Processing
Amedeo Cappelli (CNR, Pisa, Italy)
Catastrophic Forgetting in Connectionist Networks
Bob French (Indiana University, USA)
Dynamic Networks for Cognitive Modeling
Peter Braspenning (University of Limburg, Holland)
Models of Brain Functions
Andre Holley (CNRS, Lyon, France)
Foundations of Cognitive Science
Encho Gerganov, Naum Yakimov, Boicho Kokinov, Viktor Grilihes (New
Bulgarian University, Bulgaria)
Participant Symposia
Participants are invited to submit papers which will be presented (30 min)
at the participant symposia. Authors should send full papers (8 single
spaced pages) in thriplicate or electronically (postcript, RTF, or
plain ASCII) by July 30. Selected papers will be published in the
School's Proceedings after the School itself. Only papers presented
at the School will be eligible for publishing.
Panel Discussions
Integration of Methods and Approaches in Cognitive Science
Trends in Cognitive Science Research
Student Session
At the student session proposals for M.Sc. Theses and Ph.D. Theses will be
discussed as well as public defence of such theses (if presented).
Fees (including participation, board and lodging)
Advance Registration (payment in full, postmarked on or before June 15): $650
Late Registration (postmarked after June 15): $750
The fees should be transferred to the New Bulgarian University (for the
Cognitive Science Summer School) at the Economic Bank (65 Maria Luisa Str.,
Sofia) - bank account 911422735300-8 or paid at registration.
A very limited number of grants for partial support of participants from East
European countries is available.
Important dates:
Send Application Form: now
Deadline for Advance Registration: June 15
Deadline for Paper Submission: July 15
Inquiries, Applications, and Paper Submission to be send to:
Boicho Kokinov
Cognitive Science Department
New Bulgarian University
54, G.M.Dimitrov blvd.
Sofia 1125, Bulgaria
fax: (+3592) 73-14-95
e-mail: cogsci94(a)adm.nbu.bg or kokinov(a)bgearn.bitnet
Parallel Events
The International Conference in Artificial Intelligence - AIMSA'94 -
will be held in Sofia in the period September 21-24.
Summer School on Information Technologies - will be held in Sofia in
the period September 16-20.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------
International Summer School in Cognitive Science
Sofia, September 12-24, 1994
Application Form
Name:
First Name:
Status: faculty / graduate student / undergraduate student / other
Affiliation:
Country:
Mailing address:
e-mail address:
fax:
I intend to submit a paper: (title)
********* Deadline for electronic application is August 1st ***********
NEW BULGARIAN UNIVERSITY
Department of Cognitive Science
Admission to the Graduate Program in Cognitive Science is open
till July 31.
It offers the following degrees: Post-Graduate Diploma, M.Sc.,
Ph.D.
FEATURES
Teaching in English both in the regular courses at NBU and
in the intensive courses at the Annual International Summer
Schools.
Strong interdisciplinary program covering Psychology,
Artificial Intelligence, Neurosciences, Linguistics, Philosophy,
Mathematics, Methods.
Theoretical and experimental research in integration of the
symbolic and connectionist approaches, hybrid cognitive
architectures, models of memory and reasoning, analogy, vision,
imagery, agnosia, language and speech processing, aphasia.
Advisors: at least two advisors with different backgrounds,
possibly one external international advisor.
International dissertation committee.
INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD
Elizabeth Bates (UCSD, USA), Amedeo Cappelli (CNR, Italy),
Cristiano Castelfranchi (CNR, Italy), Daniel Dennett (Tufts
University, USA), Charles De Weert (University of Nijmegen,
Holland), Christian Freksa (Hamburg University, Germany), Dedre
Gentner (Northwestern University, USA), Christopher Habel
(Hamburg University, Germany), Douglas Hofstadter (Indiana
University, USA), Joachim Hohnsbein (University of Dortmund,
Germany), Keith Holyoak (UCLA, USA), Mark Keane (Trinity
College, Ireland), Alan Lesgold (University of Pittsburg, USA),
Willem Levelt (Max-Plank Institute of Psycholinguistics,
Holland), Ennio De Renzi (University of Modena, Italy), David
Rumelhart (Stanford University, USA), Richard Shiffrin (Indiana
University, USA), Paul Smolensky (University of Colorado, USA),
Chris Thornton (University of Sussex, England ), Carlo Umilta'
(University of Padova, Italy)
ADDMISSION REQUIREMENTS
B.Sc. degree in psychology, computer science, linguistics,
philosophy, neurosciences, or related fields.
Good command of English.
Address:
Cognitive Science Department,
New Bulgarian University,
54 G.M.Dimitrov Blvd.,
Sofia 1125, Bulgaria,
tel.: 731330,
fax: 731495,
e-mail: cogs(a)adm.nbu.bg or kokinov(a)bgearn.bitnet
** ANNOUNCING **
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ CMU Artificial Intelligence Repository +
+ and +
+ Prime Time Freeware for AI +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
July 1994
The CMU Artificial Intelligence Repository was established by Carnegie
Mellon University to contain public domain and freely distributable
software, publications, and other materials of interest to AI researchers,
educators, students, and practitioners. The AI Repository currently
contains more than a gigabyte of material and is growing steadily.
The AI Repository is accessible for free by anonymous FTP, AFS, and WWW.
A selection of materials from the AI Repository is also being published
on CD-ROM by Prime Time Freeware and should be available for purchase
at AAAI-94 or direct by mail or fax from Prime Time Freeware (see below).
-----------------------------
Accessing the AI Repository:
-----------------------------
To access the AI Repository by anonymous FTP, ftp to:
ftp.cs.cmu.edu [128.2.206.173]
and cd to the directory:
/user/ai/
Use username "anonymous" (without the quotes) and type your email
address (in the form "user@host") as the password.
To access the AI Repository by AFS (Andrew File System), use the directory:
/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/ai-repository/ai/
To access the AI Repository by WWW, use the URL:
http://www.cs.cmu.edu:8001/Web/Groups/AI/html/repository.html
Be sure to read the files 0.doc and readme.txt in this directory.
-------------------------------
Contents of the AI Repository:
-------------------------------
The AI Programming Languages and the AI Software Packages sections of
the repository are "complete". These can be accessed in the lang/ and
areas/ subdirectories of the AI Repository. Compression and archiving
utilities may be found in the util/ subdirectory. Other directories,
which are in varying states of completion, are events/ (Calendar of
Events, Conference Calls) and pubs/ (Publications, including technical
reports, books, mail/news archives).
The AI Programming Languages section includes directories for Common Lisp,
Prolog, Scheme, Smalltalk, and other AI-related programming languages.
The AI Software Packages section includes subdirectories for:
agents/ Intelligent Agent Architectures
alife/ Artificial Life and Complex Adaptive Systems
anneal/ Simulated Annealing
blackbrd/ Blackboard Architectures
bookcode/ Code From AI Textbooks
ca/ Cellular Automata
classics/ Classical AI Programs
constrnt/ Constraint Processing
dai/ Distributed AI
discover/ Discovery and Data-Mining
doc/ Documentation
edu/ Educational Tools
expert/ Expert Systems/Production Systems
faq/ Frequently Asked Questions
fuzzy/ Fuzzy Logic
games/ Game Playing
genetic/ Genetic Algorithms, Genetic Programming,
Evolutionary Programming
icot/ ICOT Free Software
kr/ Knowledge Representation, Semantic Nets, Frames, ...
learning/ Machine Learning
misc/ Miscellaneous AI
music/ Music
neural/ Neural Networks, Connectionist Systems, Neural Systems
nlp/ Natural Language Processing (Natural Language
Understanding, Natural Language Generation, Parsing,
Morphology, Machine Translation)
planning/ Planning, Plan Recognition
reasonng/ Reasoning (Analogical Reasoning, Case Based Reasoning,
Defeasible Reasoning, Legal Reasoning, Medical Reasoning,
Probabilistic Reasoning, Qualitative Reasoning, Temporal
Reasoning, Theorem Proving/Automated Reasoning, Truth
Maintenance)
robotics/ Robotics
search/ Search
speech/ Speech Recognition and Synthesis
testbeds/ Planning/Agent Testbeds
vision/ Computer Vision
The repository has standardized on using 'tar' for producing archives
of files and 'gzip' for compression.
-------------------------------------
Keyword Searching of the Repository:
-------------------------------------
To search the keyword index by mail, send a message to:
ai+query(a)cs.cmu.edu
with one or more lines containing calls to the keys command, such as:
keys lisp iteration
in the message body. You'll get a response by return mail. Do not
include anything else in the Subject line of the message or in the
message body. For help on the query mail server, include:
help
instead.
A Mosaic interface to the keyword searching program is in the works. We
also plan to make the source code (including indexes) to this program
available, as soon as it is stable.
------------------------------------------
Contributing Materials to the Repository:
------------------------------------------
Contributions of software and other materials are always welcome, but
must be accompanied by an unambiguous copyright statement that grants
permission for free use, copying, and distribution, such as:
- a declaration that the materials are in the public domain, or
- a copyright notice that states that the materials are subject to
the GNU General Public License (cite version), or
- some other copyright notice (we will tell you if the copying
permissions are too restrictive for us to include the materials
in the repository)
Inclusion of materials in the repository does not modify their copyright
status in any way.
Materials may be placed in:
ftp.cs.cmu.edu:/user/ai/new/
When you put anything in this directory, please send mail to
ai+contrib(a)cs.cmu.edu giving us permission to distribute the files, and
state whether this permission is just for the AI Repository, or also
includes publication on the CD-ROM version (Prime Time Freeware for AI).
We would appreciate if you would include a 0.doc file for your package;
see /user/ai/new/package.doc for a template. (If you don't have the
time to write your own, we can write it for you based on the
information in your package.)
-------------------------------------
Prime Time Freeware for AI (CD-ROM):
-------------------------------------
A portion of the contents of the repository is published annually by
Prime Time Freeware. The first issue consists of two ISO-9660 CD-ROMs
bound into a 224-page book. Each CD-ROM contains approximately 600
megabytes of gzipped archives (more than 2 gigabytes uncompressed and
unpacked). Prime Time Freeware for AI is particularly useful for folks
who do not have FTP access, but may also be useful as a way of saving
disk space and avoiding annoying FTP searches and retrievals.
Prime Time Freeware helped establish the CMU AI Repository, and sales
of Prime Time Freeware for AI will continue to help support the
maintenance and expansion of the repository. It sells (list) for US$60
plus applicable sales tax and shipping and handling charges. Payable
through Visa, MasterCard, postal money orders in US funds, and checks
in US funds drawn on a US bank. For further information on Prime Time
Freeware for AI and other Prime Time Freeware products, please contact:
Prime Time Freeware
370 Altair Way, Suite 150
Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA
Tel: +1 408-433-9662
Fax: +1 408-433-0727
E-mail: ptf(a)cfcl.com
------------------------
Repository Maintainer:
------------------------
The AI Repository was established by Mark Kantrowitz in 1993 as an
outgrowth of the Lisp Utilities Repository (established 1990) and his
work on the FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) postings for the AI, Lisp,
Scheme, and Prolog newsgroups. The Lisp Utilities Repository has been
merged into the AI Repository.
Bug reports, comments, questions and suggestions concerning the repository
should be sent to Mark Kantrowitz <AI.Repository(a)cs.cmu.edu>. Bug reports,
comments, questions and suggestions concerning a particular software
package should be sent to the address indicated by the author.
