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TUDOMANYFILOZOFIA SZEMINARIUM, G e r e b y G y.

by László E. Szabó

ELTE TTK Tudomanytortenet es Tudomanyfilozofia Tanszek Budapest, Pazmany P. setany 1/A TUDOMANYFILOZOFIA SZEMINARIUM (http://hps.elte.hu/seminar) ________________________________________________ Februar 14 12:30 6. em. 6.54 G e r e b y G y o r g y ELTE BTK Filozofiai Intezet _______________________________________________ A teologia, mint tudomany a nagyskolasztikaban | ----------------------------------------------- A tudomanytorteneti eloadas celja annak megmutatasa, hogy - pl. Russell velemenyevel szemben -, a latin kozepkor egyetemein (de nemcsak ott, hanem a hasonloan teologiailag motivalt zsido es muszlim kozegben is) letezett ertelmes, analitikusan rekonstrualhato filozofiai program. E program azonban valoban kulonbozott a - mondjuk igy - klasszikus gorog kerdesfeltevestol, a kovetkezo modon: a kesoantikvitas Arisztoteleszen alapulo tudomanydefiniciojabol kiindulva a kozepkori teologusok kiserletet tettek, a kinyilatkoztatason alapulo teologiai tudas definialasara, illetve a filozofiai tudastol valo megkulonboztetesere. A standard megoldas szerint ket, eltero termeszetu axiomahalmaz (pontosabban principiumhalmaz) definialhato, melyekbol egyenkent kulonbozo tetelhalmazok dedukalhatoak. Elofelteves, hogy a levezetesi szabalyok a ket tudomanyban azonosak (pl. kategorikus szillogizmusok), es legalabb bizonyos kifejezesek kozosek. A ket tetelhalmazban azonban elofordulhatnak ellentmondo allitasok (pl. "A vilag orokkevalo." ill. "A vilag veges ideje teremtetett."). Ezek az ellentmondo allitas-parok kepezik az intellektualis feladatot a skolasztika szamara, hiszen az ellentmondas torvenye szerepel a ket elmelet metanyelveben. A skolasztika filozofiai feladata igy a felmerulo konzisztencia-problema megoldasa. Ezen kivul (a kozos metodologia alapjan vizsgalva) ertelmes kerdeskent felvetheto egyes teologiai allitasok szarmaztatott, vagy principium-volta, illetve a principiumok fuggetlensege es konzisztenciaja. A szellemes es technikailag otletes megoldasok sokasagabol Averroes (12.szd), Aquinoi Tamas (13. szd.), Duns Scotus (13-14. szd. forduloja) es Ockham (14. szd) egymassal konstruktiv vitaban allo megoldasait fogom rekonstrualni. Szarmazekos eredmenykent ertelmezhetove valik a "tudomanyos teologia"-val szembeni elvaras-rendszer, a "kereszteny filozofia" fabol vaskarika jellegu fogalma, a "kettos igazsag" mitoszanak kialakulasa, illetve artikulalhatova valik P. Duhem tezise, amikor az ujkori tudomany kialakulasat a skolasztikus teologia 14. szd-i fejlodesebol eredezteti. A szeminarium szervezoje: E. Szabo Laszlo -- Laszlo E. Szabo Department of Theoretical Physics Department of History and Philosophy of Science Eotvos University, Budapest H-1518 Budapest, Pf. 32. Phone: (36-1)2090-555/6671 Fax: (36-1)372-2509 Home: (36-1)200-7318 http://hps.elte.hu/~leszabo

26 years, 4 months

TUDOMANYFILOZOFIA SZEMINARIUM, K u t r o v a t z G.

by László E. Szabó

26 years, 4 months

TUDOMANYFILOZOFIA SZEMINARIUM, februar

by László E. Szabó

ELTE TTK Tudomanytortenet es Tudomanyfilozofia Tanszek Budapest, Pazmany P. setany 1/A TUDOMANYFILOZOFIA SZEMINARIUM (http://hps.elte.hu/seminar) ________________________________________________ 2000, februar Februar 7 12:30 6. em. 6.54 K u t r o v a t z G a b o r ELTE TTK Tudomanytortenet es Tudomanyfilozofia Tanszek A Hohalal - tudomanyos vagy metafizikai fogalom? Nem annyira a tudomanyos gyakorlat, mint inkabb az ismeretterjesztes soran hasznalunk olyan fogalmakat, amelyek valahol a tudomanyos nyelv hataran heyezkednek el. Ezek a fogalmak a szigoru tudomany felol nezve filozofikusnak, a filozofia szemszogebol tudomanyosnak tunnek. A tudomanyos elmeletek teremtik oket, am egyhamar kicsusznak a tudomanyos kontextus szoritasabol, es hajlamosak inkabb a kepzelettel tartani. Ez alkalommal egy ilyen fogalom, a "hohalal" fejlodeset es lehetosegeit vizsgaljuk meg. Ezt a fogalmat, amely a vilagegyetemnek a termodinamika masodik fotetelevel osszangban bekovetkezo vegso, visszafordithatatlan termikus egyensulyi allapotat hivatott jelolni, a 19. szazad masodik feleben vezettek be a fizika nyelvebe. Azota kozmologiai elmeletek jottek es mentek, am a "hohalal" fogalma napjaink ismeretterjeszto irodalmaban is nagy nepszerusegnek orvend. Esettanulmanyunk arra kovetkeztetesre vezet bennunket, hogy ez a fogalom, valoszinuleg szamos tarsaval egyutt, bizonyos filozofiai elvarasokkal all intim kapcsolatban, es mint ilyen, nem annyira az elmeletek szempontjabol belso szerepet tolt be a tudomanyban, hanem inkabb mindenkori ismereteink hatarat jeloli ki. Februar 14 12:30 6. em. 6.54 G e r e b y G y o r g y ELTE BTK Filozofiai Intezet A teologia, mint tudomany a nagyskolasztikaban A tudomanytorteneti eloadas celja annak megmutatasa, hogy - pl. Russell velemenyevel szemben -, a latin kozepkor egyetemein (de nemcsak ott, hanem a hasonloan teologiailag motivalt zsido es muszlim kozegben is) letezett ertelmes, analitikusan rekonstrualhato filozofiai program. E program azonban valoban kulonbozott a - mondjuk igy - klasszikus gorog kerdesfeltevestol, a kovetkezo modon: a kesoantikvitas Arisztoteleszen alapulo tudomanydefiniciojabol kiindulva a kozepkori teologusok kiserletet tettek, a kinyilatkoztatason alapulo teologiai tudas definialasara, illetve a filozofiai tudastol valo megkulonboztetesere. A standard megoldas szerint ket, eltero termeszetu axiomahalmaz (pontosabban principiumhalmaz) definialhato, melyekbol egyenkent kulonbozo tetelhalmazok dedukalhatoak. Elofelteves, hogy a levezetesi szabalyok a ket tudomanyban azonosak (pl. kategorikus szillogizmusok), es legalabb bizonyos kifejezesek kozosek. A ket tetelhalmazban azonban elofordulhatnak ellentmondo allitasok (pl. "A vilag orokkevalo." ill. "A vilag veges ideje teremtetett."). Ezek az ellentmondo allitas-parok kepezik az intellektualis feladatot a skolasztika szamara, hiszen az ellentmondas torvenye szerepel a ket elmelet metanyelveben. A skolasztika filozofiai feladata igy a felmerulo konzisztencia-problema megoldasa. Ezen kivul (a kozos metodologia alapjan vizsgalva) ertelmes kerdeskent felvetheto egyes teologiai allitasok szarmaztatott, vagy principium-volta, illetve a principiumok fuggetlensege es konzisztenciaja. A szellemes es technikailag otletes megoldasok sokasagabol Averroes (12.szd), Aquinoi Tamas (13. szd.), Duns Scotus (13-14. szd. forduloja) es Ockham (14. szd) egymassal konstruktiv vitaban allo megoldasait fogom rekonstrualni. Szarmazekos eredmenykent ertelmezhetove valik a "tudomanyos teologia"-val szembeni elvaras-rendszer, a "kereszteny filozofia" fabol vaskarika jellegu fogalma, a "kettos igazsag" mitoszanak kialakulasa, illetve artikulalhatova valik P. Duhem tezise, amikor az ujkori tudomany kialakulasat a skolasztikus teologia 14. szd-i fejlodesebol eredezteti. Februar 21 12:30 6. em. 6.54 E r d i P e t e r MTA KFKI RMKI Biofizikai Osztaly ELTE TTK Tudomanytortenet es Tudomanyfilozofia Tanszek Szamitogepes idegrendszerkutatas Az idegrendszer a bonyolult rendszerek mintapeldaja, es mukodesenek megertesehez valoban szukseg van mondjuk elektronmikroszkopos (anatomiai) es mikroelektrodas (elettani) megfigyelesekre, a fogalmak tisztazasahoz szukseges filozofiai elemzesre, a dinamikus rendszerek elmeleten alapulo matematikai modellezesre. Ebben az eloadadban nem azt a kerdest vizsgaljuk, hogy mennyiben tekinthetjuk - ha egyaltalan - az agyat szamitogepnek, hanem vazlatosan bemutatunk egy szakmat (computational neuroscience, elterjedt magyar neve nincs is egyelore), amelynek celkituzese a realis idegrendszeri strukturak mukodesenek matematikai modellezessel torteno megertese. Vazlat: Idegrendszeri modellezes: alternativ strategiak Egy sejt is bonyolult Neuronhalozatok Statisztikus neurodinamika Idegrendszeri fejlodes Tanulas es memoria Neurologiai es pszichiatriai rendellenessegek modellezese Februar 28 12:30 6. em. 6.54 P a l C s a b a ELTE Novenyrendszertani es Okologiai Tanszek Az oroklodesi rendszerek evolucioja Darwin szerint az elolenyek uj kornyezethez valo alkalmazkodasa az oroklodo variansok szelekcioja reven valosul meg. Ahhoz, hogy a folyamat vegbemehessen, felteteleznunk kell ezen oroklodo variansok jelenletet. Ezert az oroklodes es a variacio termeszetenek megertese kozponti jelentosegu az evoluciobiologiaban. A biologia Modern Szintezisenek megalkotoi tobbnyire azt felteteleztek, hogy kizarolag a DNS-ben tarolt informacio adodhat at generaciorol generaciora. Mara azonban bizonyosnak tunik, hogy a DNS mellett vannak egyeb oroklodesi rendszerek is: i) a sejt epigenetikai oroklodesi rendszerei, ii) az allatok szocialis tanulasa vagy eppen iii) az ember szimbolikus nyelvhasznalata mind-mind lehetseges peldak. Az eloadas soran ket kerdesre keresunk valaszt: milyen kozos es eltero vonasai vannak ezeknek a rendszereknek, valamint hogyan befolyasolhatjak ezek jelenlete az evolucio iranyat. A szeminarium szervezoje: E. Szabo Laszlo -- Laszlo E. Szabo Department of Theoretical Physics Department of History and Philosophy of Science Eotvos University, Budapest H-1518 Budapest, Pf. 32. Phone: (36-1)2090-555/6671 Fax: (36-1)372-2509 Home: (36-1)200-7318 http://hps.elte.hu/~leszabo

26 years, 4 months

[Fwd: RUTGERS-NEWARK PSYCHOLOGY GRADUATE PROGRAM FELLOWSHIPS]

by Gergely Csibra

Rejected message: sent to koglist(a)cogpsyphy.hu by JOSE(a)TRACTATUS.RUTGERS.EDU follows. Reason for rejection: sender not subscribed. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- RUTGERS UNIVERSITY- Graduate Program in PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY GRADUATE PROGRAM- Newark Campus GRADUATE RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS. Fall 00 The graduate program seeks students for FALL 00. Interested applicants from Psychology, Computer Science or Cognitive Science undergrad programs are encouraged to apply. The program provides comprehensive training in COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE and COGNITIVE SCIENCE. These fellowships are competitive and focus in neuro-imaging, computation and cognitive science/perception research. The Rutgers-Newark Psychology Department and UMDNJ have recently acquired a 3T magnet (SIEMENS ALLEGRA) and a Neuroimaging center. Application Deadline is March 1, 2000. Please send enquiries and applications to Professor S. J. Hanson, Chair, Department of Psychology Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102. Email enquirys can be made to jose(a)psychology.rutgers.edu also please see our web page for more information on the graduate faculty and program http://www.psych.rutgers.edu

26 years, 4 months

MAKOG/SZTRAJK

by Dr. Czigler István

Ha penteken meg tart a sztrajk, szivesen leviszek ket embert autoval Szegedre. Ha nem, akkor nem, mert akkor vonattal megyek. Czigler Istvan -- Istvan Czigler PhD DSc Institute for Psychology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Mail: P.O.Box 398 H-1394 Budapest, Hungary Phone: (36-1) 1533 244 Fax: (36-1) 2692 972 e-mail: czigler(a)CogPsyPhy.hu

26 years, 4 months

MAKOG es Sztrajk visoznya

by Csaba PLEH

Kedves Kongresszusi resztveveok: nem tudom, mi lesz, mert en maar szerdan leutazom. DE HA ha meg penteken is van sztrajk, reggel 7 orakor indul Szegedre busz Budapestrol a Nepstadion uti (a legett csarnok alatt) VOLASN Palayaudvarrol. Tovabba: mellekelten ott vannak az altaalam tudott email cimek. Kerlek, kezdejetek egymaassal beszlgetni, autos csoportos utazast szervezendo. Sajnos errol nem tehetek, s remelem idoben el tudtok jutni Szegedre. Udv Csaba Csaba Pleh Pleh Csaba Cognitive Science Group Megismerestudomanyi Csoport Department of Psychology Pszichologiai Tanszek University of Szeged Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem Szeged Petofi sgt 30-34, 6722 Hungary Telefon/Phone: (36)(62) 544000 Lakas/Home: Budakeszi Zichy P. u. 4 2092 Hungary (36)(23) 453932 or 933 Mobile: (0620) 3278922 WEB: http//www.jate.u-szeged.hu/~pleh Hungarian Review of Psychology Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle editor foszerkeszto

26 years, 4 months

Ashley Montagu (1905 - 1999) (fwd)

by Csaba PLEH

Csaba Pleh Pleh Csaba Cognitive Science Group Megismerestudomanyi Csoport Department of Psychology Pszichologiai Tanszek University of Szeged Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem Szeged Petofi sgt 30-34, 6722 Hungary Telefon/Phone: (36)(62) 544000 Lakas/Home: Budakeszi Zichy P. u. 4 2092 Hungary (36)(23) 453932 or 933 Mobile: (0620) 3278922 WEB: http//www.jate.u-szeged.hu/~pleh Hungarian Review of Psychology Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle editor foszerkeszto ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Fri, 28 Jan 2000 19:14:11 +0000 From: Stevan Harnad <harnad(a)coglit.ecs.soton.ac.uk> Reply-To: "PSYC: PSYCOLOQUY: Refereed Electronic Journal of Peer Discussion in" <PSYC(a)PUCC.PRINCETON.EDU> To: PSYC(a)PUCC.PRINCETON.EDU Subject: Ashley Montagu (1905 - 1999) Resent-Date: Fri, 28 Jan 100 20:14:20 +100 Resent-Date: Fri, 28 Jan 2000 20:15:14 +0100 Resent-From: pleh(a)izabell.elte.hu Resent-From: <pleh(a)ludens.elte.hu> Resent-To: pleh(a)sol.cc.u-szeged.hu Resent-To: <pleh(a)izabell.elte.hu> ASHLEY MONTAGU (1905-1999) Ashley Montagu, born Israel Ehrenberg in East London in 1905, was one of those rare men of learning who succeeded in making substantive scholarly contributions to their academic disciplines while at the same time maintaining contact with the educated layman, indeed contributing substantively to the latter's learning. In addition, he was a dedicated and articulate social critic, concerned with bringing to bear the findings of the social and biological sciences toward the betterment of man's lot, while subjecting some of those very findings to critical social scrutiny. His accomplishments in these three domains, the scientific, the public-educational, and the socioethical, will be treated as a unity in what follows, in accordance with what is evidently the spirit of the program that has guided his life's work. Although Montagu's contributions span a variety of fields in the social and biological sciences -- including work on problems as diverse as Australian aborigines' concepts of sexuality and reproduction, the measurement of internal anatomical landmarks on the heads of intact living human beings, adolescent infertility in girls, the role of cooperative behavior in evolution, and the biological and cultural factors in aggression and in sex roles -- his principal legacy will indisputably consist of his critical analysis of the concept of race. The problem of race preoccupied Montagu from the beginning of his intellectual career (Montagu 1925; 1926), more than a quarter century before the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court desegregation decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (347 U.S. 483), which heralded the civil rights activism that has since followed in America. Montagu's work played a role in that Supreme Court decision, as well as in shaping the social consciousness that ushered it in and has attended it ever since. If some of his ideas, as they are discussed below, appear to be relatively uncontroversial and a matter of common knowledge and assent, let it not be forgotten that that very knowledge and assent is in some measure due to the work and efforts of Montagu, and that he was also forcefully expounding those ideas at an earlier time, when they were far from accepted, and indeed being brutally violated on a scale unparallelled in human history (Montagu 1939; 1941a). Montagu's papers on race in the late 1930s, culminating in his book "Man's Most Dangerous Myth; The Fallacy of Race" (1942a) and followed by a series of works (including Montagu 1951; 1964; 1975), had the effect of upsetting the traditional concept of race accepted by most anthropologists in that it challenged the reality of anything corresponding to that notion. Montagu emphasized that gene-frequency analysis of traits would tell us more about the evolution of human populations, arguing that the omelet conception of racial mixing was totally artificial and did nothing to explain the origins and consequences of the differences between populations. Since men were all originally gatherer-hunters, wherever they were, the environmental challenges faced by different populations tended to be very similar; hence, one would not expect mental differences. This theory, as set forth in an article coauthored with the geneticist Theodosius Dobzhansky (1947), subsequently became generally accepted by anthropologists. Montagu was also asked to draw up the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizations Statement on Race (1951) in 1950. In addition to his work on race, Montagu was among the first to present a number of views, since widely accepted, on such familiar social and psychological themes as aggression and war (1946b; 1976), social factors in crime (Montagu & Merton 1940), women's rights (1953b), psychoanalysis and psychiatry in anthropology (194 1b), love (1953a), home birth and prenatal care (1950; 1962), AfroAmerican studies (1944), sociobiology (1940), birth order (1948), privacy (1956a), and even smoking (19421) and natural foods (1958). In these and other works Montagu was always a strong advocate of gene-environment interactionism (1926; 1940; 1956b; 1959; 1962), stressing that heredity is not biologically given in the genes, and that man's constitution is a dynamic process arising out of the interaction between his unique experiential history and the constraints and potential encoded in his genetic material. This interactionist stance allowed Montagu to be an effective exponent of the often polarized realms of cultural and biological anthropology. He could adduce evidence on behalf of the biosocial nature of man (1956b) while at the same time showing the virtually limitless capacity of education and culture to shape that very nature (1962). His interactionism attempted to reconcile these two poles, not only in terms of the history of the dual influences acting during one man's lifetime, but also those in mankind's evolutionary history. Montagu emphasized social cooperation and love (1953a; 1974) as critical selectional factors in evolution -- ideas that considerably predated the sociobiological preoccupation with altruism (in the new inclusive fitness sense) in the late 1970s. Other works by Montagu had fewer social repercussions, but still represented important contributions to anthropology. "Coming Into Being Among the Australian Aborigines" (1937) is one of the classic works on this subject and continues to be a useful source, treating such topics as awareness of the facts of maternity and paternity and the significance of ritual sexual mutilation. This was not only a pioneer study which served to stimulate many students and research workers, but its approach systematized a field which, aside from Bronislaw Malinowski's Sexual Life of Savages (1929), had been only vaguely and poorly understood previously. In addition, Montagu's work on the adolescent sterility period (1946a) solved a perplexing problem encountered by many anthropologists -- most notably by Malinowski in his studies on the Trobrianders (1929) -- that although adolescent girls engaged in extensive premarital sexual relations, they rarely became pregnant. Montagu also worked on technical problems in anthropometry. He established certain craniometric reference points on the scalp and devised measuring instruments to determine homologous points on the underlying skull in living subjects (1960). His anatomical work on nonhuman primates and on fossils culminated in the publication of one of the earliest textbooks of physical anthropology (1945), which continued for a long time to be a widely used and authoritative work on the subject. Montagu's other texts include reference works on heredity (1959) and anatomy and physiology (Montagu's & Steen 1959), an excellent biography of Edward Tyson (1943), and a large variety of elegant and informative books written for the educated layman. Montagu's doctorate in anthropology was conferred by Columbia University in 1937. His early academic and intellectual background had been as richly varied as his later contributions. After a long-standing childhood interest in skulls, fossils, and medical matters, fostered by encouragement from the anatomist - anthropologist Arthur Keith, of the Royal College of Surgeons in London, Montagu enrolled at 17 years of age at University College London, for a diplomate in psychology, with a view to transferring to anthropology. Among his professors in psychology were C. E. Spearman and the father of modern statistics and biometrics, Karl Pearson; in anthropology he was taught by Elliot Smith and C. G. Seligman. At that time in Europe the new anthropology was just developing, with the functional school of Malinowski. The earlier sticks/stones/bones approach was being replaced by an analysis of the functional interrelations among the elements of culture. Montagu became Malinowski's first student, and surely bears the latter's imprint (along with an even stronger one, some feel, from his other great teacher, Franz Boas); but he soon diverged in favor of a strong biological orientation, particularly in matters pertaining to psychology. (Montagu was one of the first exponents of Sigmund Freud in anthropology, although he later became a critic of the psychoanalytic approach.) C. Loring Brace, an anthropologist at the University of Michigan, feels that "Montagu has done more than anyone except Margaret Mead to bring the findings of anthropology to the attention of the public." Weston LaBarre of Duke University describes him as "the most prolific and effective popularizer of humanistic subjects since H. G. Wells." Not all anthropologists take such a favorable view of popularization, however; and this may have adversely affected Montagu's own intradisciplinary popularity; yet more than one of his colleagues have suggested that this negative attitude may well reflect sour grapes. Popularization has not been the only factor diminishing Montagu's professional popularity. According to Marcus Goldstein of Tel Aviv University: "The reason for this, in my opinion, has been his forthrightness, his fearless and blunt attack on works and issues that he felt were scientifically wrong, and perhaps more important, were or could be socially harmful. Two examples come to mind. At one of the early meetings of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, he sharply criticized Prof. E. A. Hooton's work on a typology of U.S. criminals, a virtual return to Lombrosoism. One must remember in this connection that Hooton was the revered teacher of nearly all of the young physical anthropologists of the day! In a subsequent paper co-authored with Robert Merton (Crime and the anthropologist," 1940), Hooton's premises and methodology were systematically demonstrated to be invalid. At another meeting of the Association, Montagu proposed a motion to censure the German anthropologists who were patently misusing the discipline to conform with the vicious Nazi ideology. The motion was defeated, yet the following year the very man instrumental for its defeat proposed the same motion, which passed unanimously." The final arbiter as to the value of popularization will of course have to be history. Whether in the mid- to later part of the twentieth century, with its unprecedently well-educated and well-informed general population and its pervasive and powerful communications media it was still possible for scientists, particularly social scientists, to pursue their research, particularly on socially sensitive or otherwise significant topics, without simultaneously assuming an advocates, or at least an exegete's role vis-a-vis the educated populace, is an empirical question that only the actual turn of events can answer. In any case, it is clear that Ashley Montagu cast his lot with the new dual role of the social scientist, and fulfilled both aspects of it admirably. STEVAN HARNAD ----------------------------------------------------------------------- WORKS BY MONTAGU 1925 The Colour Question. Vincula (Journal of the University of Londons Student Union) Dec. 14: 66 only. 1926 Intelligence Tests and the Negro in America. Wasu (Journal of the West African Students Union of Great Britain) 1, no. 1:57. (1937) 1938 Coming Into Being Among the Australian Aborigines. New York: Dutton. -- -> Includes a foreword by Bronislaw Malinowski, 1939 Race and Kindred Delusions. Equality 1, no. 7: 2024. 1940 The Soclo-biology of Man. Scientific Monthly 50:483490. 1940 MONTAGU, ASHLEY; and MERTON, ROBERT K. Crime and the Anthropologist. American Ant hropologist 42:384408. l941a The Concept of Race in the Light of Genetics. Journal of Heredity 32:243247. 1941b Nescience, Science, and Psycho-analysis. Psychiatry 4:4560. 1942a Mans Most Dangerous Myth: The Fallacy of Race. New York: Columbia Univ. Press. ---> A paperback edition was published in 1974 by Oxford University Press. 1942b Nothing Can Be Said in Favor of Smoking. In Fact 4, no. 10:23. 1943 Edward Tyson, M.D., F.R.S., (16501708), and the Rise of Comparative Anatomy in England. Philadeiphia: American Philosophical Society. 1944 The African Origins of the American Negro and His Ethnic Composition. Scientific Monthly 58: 5865. 1945 An Introduction to Physical Anthropology. Springfield, Ill,: Thomas. 1946a Adolescent Sterility. Springfield, Ill.: Thomas. 1946b Racism, the Bomb, and the Peoples of the World. Asia and the Americas 46:533 535. 1947 MONTAGU, ASHLEY; and DOBZHANSKY, THEODOSIUS Natural Selection and the Mental Capacities of Mankind. Science 105:587590. 1948 Sex-order of Birth and Personality. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 18:351 353. 1950 Constitutional and Prenatal Factors in Infant and Child Health. Supplement 2, pages 130 in Problems of In fancy and Childhood. New York: Josiah Macy, Jr., Foundation. (1951) 1972 Statement on Race. 3d ed. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. 1953a MONTAGU, ASHLEY (editor) The Meaning of Love. New York: Julian. (1953b) 1974 The Natural Superiority of Women. Rev. ed. New York: Macmillan. 1956a The Annihilation of Privacy. Saturday Review Mar. 31:911, 32. 1956b The Biosocial Nature of Man. New York: Grove Press. 1958 Are We Forgetting How to Eat? House and Garden 114:178179. 1959 Human Heredity. New York: World Publishing. 1959 MONTAGU, ASHLEY; and STEEN, EDWIN B. Anatomy and Physiology. 2 vols. New York: Barnes & Noble. 1960 A Handbook of Anthropometry. Springfield, Ill.: Thomas. 1962 MONTAGU, ASHLEY (editor) Culture and the Evolution of Man. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. 1964 The Concept of Race. New York: Free Press. 1974 Culture and Human Development. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. 1975 MONTAGU, ASHLEY (editor) Race and IQ. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. 1976 The Nature of Human Aggression. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. Publications of Ashley Montagu 1. Anthropological Significance of the Pterion to the Primates, The; Reprint from the American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 1933. 2. Coming Into Being Among the Australian Aborigines, B.P. Dutton, 1938. 3. Edward Tyson, M.D., F.R.S. 1650-1708, American Philosophical Society, 1943. 4. Human Organism and Reproduction, Heredity and Growth, The, Delphian Society, 1949. 5. On Being Human, First Edition, Hawthorn, 1950. 6. Darwin, Competition & Cooperation, Henry Schuman, 1952. 7. Direction of Human Development, The, Harper & Bros., 1955. 8. Reproductive Development of the Female, The, Julian Press, 1957. 9. Anthropology and Human Nature, Porter Sargent, 1957. 10. Cultured Man, The, World Publishing, 1958. 11. Education and Human Relations, Grove Press, 1958. 12. Cultured Man, The, Pennabooks, 1959. 13. Handbook of Anthropometry, A, Charles C. Thomas, 1960. 14. Introduction to Physical Anthropology, An, Charles C. Thomas, 1960. 15. Man In Process, World Publishing, 1961. 16. Prenatal Influences, Charles C. Thomas, 1961. 17. Humanization of Man, The, World Publishing, 1962. 18. Dolphin in History, The, with John Lilly , University of California, 1963. 19. Human Heredity, World Publishing, 1963. 20. Science of Man, The, Odyssey Survey Book, 1964. 21. Life Before Birth, Longmares Green, 1964. 22. Life Before Birth, NAL, 1964. 23. Human Revolution, The, World Publishing, 1965. 24. Idea of Race, The, University of Nebraska, 1965. 25. Up The Ivy, Hawthorn Book, 1966. 26. American Way of Life, The, G.P. Putnam's, 1967. 27. On Being Human, Paperback, Hawthorn, 1967. 28. Anatomy of Swearing, The, Macmillan, 1967. 29. Prevalence of Nonsense, The, with Edward Darling, Harper & Row, 1967. 30. Man Observed, G.P. Putnam's, 1968. 31. Man's Evolution, with C.L. Brace, Macmillan, 1968. 32. Sex, Man and Society, G.P. Putnam's, 1969. 33. Man: His First Two Million Years, Columbia University, 1969. 34. American Way of Life, The, Kinseido, 1970. 35. Ignorance of Certainty, The, with Edward Darling, Harper & Row, 1970. 36. Direction of Human Development, The, Hawthorn, 1970. 37. America As I See It, Seibido, 1971. 38. Elephant Man, The, Outerbridge & Dienstfrey, 1971. 39. Elephant Man, The, Allison & Busby, 1971. 40. Immortality, Religion and Morals, Hawthorn Books, 1971. 41. Man and the Computer, with Samuel Snyder, Auerbach Publishing, 1972. 42. On Being Intelligent, Greenwood Press, 1973. 43. Coming into being among the Australian Aborigines, Routledge & Keegan Paul, 1974. 44. Man's Most Dangerous Myth: The Fallacy of Race, 5th Edition. Oxford, 1974. 45. Nature of Human Aggression, The, Oxford, 1976. 46. Touching, 2nd Edition, Harper & Row, 1978. 47. Human Connection, The, McGraw-Hill, 1979. 48. Elephant Man, The, Paperback 2nd Edition, E.P. Dutton, 1979. 49. Reproductive Development of the Female, 3rd Edition, PSG Publishing, 1979. 50. Growing Young, McGraw-Hill, 1981. 51. Dehumanization of Man, The, with Floyd Matson, McGraw-Hill, 1983. 52. Elephant Man, The, Kenkyusha, 1983. 53. Humanity Speaking to Mankind, Asahi, 1985. 54. Touching, 3rd Edition, Hardcover, Harper & Row, 1986. 55. Touching, 3rd Edition, Paperback, Harper & Row, 1986. 56. Peace of the World, The, Kenkyusha, 1987. 57. Story of People, The, Kinseido, 1988. 58. Coming Into Being, Asahi Press, 1988. 59. World of Humanity, The, Seibido, 1988. 60. Growing Young, Bergin Garvey, 1989. 61. Growing Young, 2nd Edition, Bergin Garvey, 1989. 62. What We Know About "Race", Tsurumi Shoten, ND. 63. Living and Loving, Kinseido, ND. 64. Humanization of Man, The, Kinseido, ND. 65. Natural Superiority of Women, The, Kinseido, ND. 66. Times Change - Do People?, Kinseido, ND. 67. Human Dialogue, The, with Arendt Meerion Buber, Kinseido, ND. 68. Elephant Man, The, Acadian House Publishing, 1997. 69. Man's Most Dangerous Myth; The Fallacy of Race, Altamira Press, 1997. 70. Natural Superiority of Women, The, Altamira Press, 1999. Edited by Ashley Montagu 1. Studies & Essays in the History of Science & Learning, Schuman, 1944. 2. Meaning of Love, The, Julian Press, 1953. 3. Toynbee and History, Porter Sargent, 1956. 4. Genetic Mechanisms in Human Disease, Charles C. Thomas, 1961. 5. Concept of Race, The, The Free Press, 1964. 6. Culture, Man's Adaptive Dimension, Oxford, 1968. 7. Man and Aggression, Oxford, 1968. 8. Concept of the Primitive, The, The Free Press, 1968. 9. Culture and the Evolution of Man, Oxford, 1970. 10. Textbook of Human Genetics, The, with Max Levitan, Oxford, 1971. 11. Statement on Race, Oxford, 1972. 12. Man and Aggression, 2nd Edition, Oxford, 1973. 13. Frontiers of Anthropology, Putnam's, 1974. 14. Endangered Environment, The, Mason Lipscomb, 1974. 15. Race and IQ, Oxford, 1975. 16. Textbook of Human Genetics, The, Revised by Max Levitan, Oxford, 1977. 17. Human Evolution, 2nd Edition, with C.L. Brace, Macmillan, 1977. 18. Learning Non-Aggression, Oxford, 1978. 19. Sociobiology Examined, Oxford, 1980. 20. Anatomy and Physiology, 2 vols., with Edwin B. Steen, Harper & Row, 1984.

26 years, 4 months

CogPrints Open Archive Awarded First of 8000 Psychological Science Sites

by Stevan Harnad

CogPrints Open Archive Awarded First of 8000 Psychological Science Sites <http://www.psychologicalscience.net/psych/award/index.html> Dear Colleagues, I bring this award to your attention not out of puffery (who knows what such awards mean?) but for the following three reasons, of which the third is by far the most important: (1) Whatever it means, it is surely a vote of confidence for Open Archiving: <http://www.openarchives.org/> (2) It means that CogPrints <http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/> is likely to be used still more heavily. (3) I hope this will encourage ever more authors in Cognitive Science (Psychology, Neuroscience, Behavioral Biology, Artificial Intelligence, Linguistics, Philosophy) to publicly self-archive their papers in CogPrints, both pre- and post-refereeing, in order to maximise its accessibility and research impact. <http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december99/12harnad.html> If you already have your papers in your departmental or laboratory online archive, deposit copies in CogPrints for greater visibility and accessibility. If your papers are not on the Web yet at all, it is extremely simple to deposit them in CogPrints; if you haven't the time, any student can do it for you in a few minutes. Open Archives also already exist in Physics <http://arXiv.org/> Generic software will shortly be available for other disciplines (e.g., http://www.eprints.org/). -------------------------------------------------------------------- Stevan Harnad harnad(a)cogsci.soton.ac.uk Professor of Cognitive Science harnad(a)princeton.edu Department of Electronics and phone: +44 23-80 592-582 Computer Science fax: +44 23-80 592-865 University of Southampton http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/ Highfield, Southampton http://www.princeton.edu/~harnad/ SO17 1BJ UNITED KINGDOM --------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Thu, 27 Jan 2000 07:25:14 -0700 From: Otto Maclin <omaclin(a)miners.utep.edu> To: admin(a)coglit.ecs.soton.ac.uk Subject: Psychological Science Award First of all let me thank you for the wonderful job and for the service you are providing for the psychological community on the internet by developing and maintaining CogPrints. While there exist many psychology related websites, only a relative handful provide content such as your site does. Psychological Science on the Net is developing a web space for psychology related webpages and we are specially interested in directing visitors to high quality content sites such as yours. As such we have decided to award you the Psychological Science Award. If you visit http://www.psychologicalscience.net/psych/award/index.html you will see that your site is the first (and only at this point) award. This is because of the almost 8,000 sites we have listed, yours is one of a minority of sites that are of high content. Only a few sites will ever qualify for this award. Unlike many Internet 'Awards' the Psychological Science Award is not intended to advertise our site, it is designed to advertise your site to our viewers as place worth visiting. Otto H. MacLin, Ph.D. Department of Psychology University of Texas at El Paso El Paso, TX 79968 Office: 915 747-8761 Fax: 915 747-5751 http://www.psychologicalscience.net

26 years, 4 months

Csibra Gergely es Pleh Csaba eloadasa

by Csaba PLEH

Kedves Kollegak ! A SzTE Megismerestudomanyi Csoportjanak szervezeseben Csibra Gergely (Birbeck College, London) 2000. februar 8-an, kedden 18 orakor eloadast tart A naiv pszichologiai gondolkodas gyokerei csecsemokorban cimmel. Az eloadas helye: Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem Rektori Taaacsterem. Szeged, Dugonics ter, a rektori epulet masodik emeleten hatul. Mindenkit szerettel varunk. A SzTE Pszichiatriai Klinika tovabbkepzo tanfolyama kereteben Pleh Csaba (SzTE pszichologia Tanszek Megismerestudomaanyi Csoport) 2000. februar 9-en, szerdan 14h30 kor eloadast tart A teri kifejezes pszicholingvisztikaja cimmel. Az eloadas helye: SzTE Uj Klinikai Tomb foldszinti tanterme (Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6). Az eloadas vazlata A teri kifejezesek pszicholingvisztikai vizsgalata klasszikus temaja a nyelv es gondolkodas kozti kapcsolat elemzesenek. A tema uj lenduletet kapott azoknak a torekvesekenek koszonhetoen, amelyek osszekapcsoljak a vizualis rendszerek kettossegeit a nyelvben a fonevi es a lokalizalo kifejezesek rendszerevel. Az eloadas kindulaskent ismerteti ezeket a torekveseket, nehany fontos strukturalis jellemzojukkel (forma erzeketlen es formaerzekeny kifejezesek szembeallitasa, a teri kifejezesek alap kategoriainak egyetemessege, az elsajatitas menete). A magyar nyelv kulonleges erdekessege, hogy mind a ragoknal mind a nevutoknal rendezetten alkalmazza a statikus es dinamikus (pl. -ban versus - ba) kulonbsegtetelt. A gyermeki spontan hasznalat tanusaga szerint itt a CEL kodolasanak elsobbsege figyelheto meg. Kiraly Ildikoval es Racsmany Mihallyal vegzett ujabb kutatasainkban mesterseges hely kifejezeseket tanultatunk ovodas gyermekkel. A rendszer 3-6 eves kor korul meg nem zarul le: a tanulas igen gyors (megertes 2-3 expozicio utan letrejon), a CELTARGY formajatol fuggetlen, ragoknal konnyebb mint nevutoknal. Az eloadas az eredmenyeket a nyelvelsajatitas mechanizmusaival kapcsolatos nyitott kerdesek szempontjabol ertelmezi.

26 years, 4 months

Neuron Halozat

by Csibra Gerg� B�lint

Sziasztok Kognitivek! En is Csibra vagyok, sot meg Gergo is, de tenyleg Gergo, es rokonok vagyunk a fonokkel, bar a kozos ost meg nem sikerult kideriteni. Egyebkent programozassal, es a Hivatalos Csibra Honlap "fenntartasaval" foglalkozom, meg rendszergazda vagyok egy autoalkatreszeket gyarto cegnel Mosonszolnokon. Az e-mail cimem csbalint(a)freemail.hu, azert, hogy ne keverjetek ossze a Gergelyevel (van egyebkent csibra(a)mail.sapu.hu is, meg csibra(a)freemail.hu is, ezeket szakmai, es maganlevelezesekre hasznalom, a csbalint a koglistnek van fenntartva). Ennyit a bemutatkozasrol... Egy ideje olvasom mar a listat, de hozzaszolni meg nem tudtam (bar a sok hirdeteshez nincs mit hozzaszolni :). Mar regota tervezem, hogy kene csinalni egy olyan programot, ami a leheto leghuebben szimulalja az agy mukodeset, tanulast stb. Itt jottok a kepbe, hiszen ti valami ilyesmivel foglalkoztok. Talaltam egy mesterseges inteligencia listat, de amikor megneztem az archivumot szomoruan kellett megallapitanom, hogy az utolso level valamikor tavaly novemberben ment el ra, szoval nem tul biztato a helyzet. A program linux operacios rendszeren keszulne (meg egy betut se irtam :) elosztott rendszeren igy tobb gepet is be lehetne allitani a szimulaciora. Hogy hogyan fog mukodni, es mire lesz jo azt meg nem tudom, de a hogyan fog mukodni megoldodik a programozas kozben, a mire lesz jot meg majd megoldja az elet. Amit eddig az idegsejtekrol tudok (vagy sejtek, vagy felreertelmeztem :) (ez lenne a kiindulasi alap, tulajdonkeppen az idegsejtek mukodesenek szimulacioja): Van egy idegsejt, abbol kilog egy idegszal (axon ha jol emlekszem) es ez az idegszal kapcsolodik tovabbi idegsejtekhez szinapszisokon (?) keresztül. Az idegsejtben (matematikailag megfogalmazva, szamitogepes formara elferditve) van egy fuggveny ami a szinapszisokon keresztul bejovo "jeleket" osszegzi (talan sulyzottan), es ha az osszeg eler egy kuszoberteket, akkor a sejt kikuld az idegszalon keresztul egy "jelet". Ez igy egy tokeletes analog kapcsolo, es az agy egy ilyen analog kapcsolokbol felepulo szamitogep... Azt olvastam az Elet es Tudomany (ET) legutobbi (vagy azelotti) szamaban, hogy egy idegsejt kb. 10000 masikal all kapcsolatban es - uj felfedezes -, hogy egy idegszal ugyanahhoz a sejthez tobb szinapszison keresztul is csatlakozhat, valamint, hogy van vagy 100 milliard idegsejt. Ha jol emlekszem, az idegsejtek az agykeregben csoportokba szervezodnek (valami olyan dereng, hogy 3 cm hosszu, es talan 3 mm atmeroju, sok (mondjuk 5) szog alapu hasabokba, aztan ezek is kapcsolodnak masokhoz... ?). A ti alapkerdesetek (?) (ezt az ET is nyitva hagyta), hogy mi alapjan/miatt no ki egy idegszalbol egy szinapszis, hogy hozzatapadjon egy sejthez, ami mellett elhalad, miert tapad hozza, es hogyan valasztja ki azt amihez hozzatapad, azaz hogyan tanul a rendszer. Az en kerdeseim egyelore egyszerubbek (de lehet, hogy ezekre sincs valasz): - Vajon csokken-e a "jel" az idegszal hosszan (elektonikaban csokken ugye, es mivel kemiai uton keletkezik valoszinuleg csokkennie kene), azaz a "jelet" kibocsato idegsejthez kozelebb levo sejtek nagyobb jelet kapnak-e mint a tavoliak. - Szamit-e az, hogy a szinapszis az idegsejthez hol kapcsolodik, vagy a sejt teljes felulete egyforman "er". - Azt gondolom, hogy a szinapszisok sulyai az idegsejt fuggvenyeben az altal novekedhetnek, hogy milyen surun, es az altal csokkenhetnek, hogy milyen ritkan hasznaljak. Gondolom ezt abbol, hogy ha valamit sokat latunk (hallunk, szagolunk, olvasunk stb.) akkor azt konnyebben, es hamarabb megjegyezzuk, amivel meg ritkabban talalkozunk elfelejtjuk, vagy "elasodik" valahova, szoval ebben megerositest varok. - Van e meg valami lenyeges funkcioja az idegsejtnek, ugyanugy epul-e fel, mint a tobbi sejt (gondolom, sejtmag, sejthartya, plazma stb.), van-e az idegsejtekben DNS, vagy abbol kihagytak (sajat elmeletileg, nem kene bele, hiszen uj idegsejtek nem keletkeznek (nonek), bar mintha olvastam volna olyat, hogy ez is megdolni latszik) mert nincs ra szukseg. (ahogy irom ezt a monologot, egyre tobb kerdes jut az eszembe :) - Kihagytam valamit? Technikai kerdes: irhatok-e ekezetekkel Windows alol, mert igy egy-egy ekezet hiany felreertelmezhetove teheti a kerdesemet, valaszaitokat? Ugyan elegge redundans a magyar nyelv, de kisse feljebb volt olyan mondat (meg az e-mail cimeknel) ami mashogyan ekezetezve ertelmetlen, magyartalan stb. Na hirtelen ennyi. Elore is koszi a valaszokat. Gergo Gergo Csibra programmer, system-admin The official Csibra homepage: http://www.extra.hu/csibra

26 years, 4 months

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