koglist September 2000

koglist@maillist.ttk.hu

9 participants
19 discussions

by Krajcsi Attila

Kedves Kollegák, Van valaki a listán, esetleg ismerõsötök, aki problémamegoldás és/vagy következtetés számítógépes modellezésével foglalkozik? Köszönet, Krajcsi Attila

25 years, 7 months

Dummett: A metafizika logikai alapjai

by Andras Mate

Tisztelt Kollegak! Felhivom figyelmuket, hogy a subjectben jelzett konyv megjelent az Osiris kiadonal. A Logika tanszeken is kaphato, megpedig 1300 Ft-os kedvezmenyes aron (Pesti B. u. 1, felem. 24.) A konyvet ebben (es esetleg a kovetkezo) felevben a logika doktori program kereteben PhD-szeminariumon dolgozzuk fel, melyen erdeklodo kollegakat szivesen latunk. A szeminarium egyszeruen a konyv fejezetenkent (vagy fel fejezetenkent) valo megbeszelesebol + a kapcsolodo logikai es esetleg mas filozofiai temakrol szolo kiseloadasokbol fog allni. Idopontja szerda delutan 1/2 2 - 3. Helyszine a tanszek, felem. 23. Az elso szeminarium szeptember 20-an lesz. A Bevezetest fogjuk megbeszelni, kulonos tekintettel a kovetkezo kerdesekre: 1. Hogyan lehetne formalizalni egy kulonfele mondattargyu operatorokat tartalmazo nyelvben a jovore vonatkozo realizmus problemajat? Milyen szintre ertendo Dummettnek az az allitasa, hogy a jovore vonatkozo realizmus elutasitasa a ketertekuseg feladasaval egyenerteku, es van-e olyan szint a jatekban, ahol nincs ertelme a ketertekuseget feladni? Milyen szemantikai egysegek valtoztatjak az igazsagertekuket egy dummetti ertelemben antirealista felfogas szerint (az igazsagertekek koze beleertve az ertekrest, mint harmadik erteket)? 2. Altalaban meggyozo-e minden felhozott temakor eseteben Dummettnek az az allitasa, hogy antirealizmus = ketertekuseg feladasa? A kovetkezokben is szandekomban all a konyv megvitatasat effele kerdesek elozetes kozreadasaval "terelni", ez azonban nem jelent semmifele kenyszert; barki felvethet uj kerdeseket a szoveggel kapcsolatban. Udvozlettel mate andras ============================================================================== Andras Mate CSc, assoc. prof. Inst. Philosophy, Dept. Logic Lorand Eotvos University Budapest, Faculty of Arts and Humanities H-1364 Budapest, POB 107 Phone: (36 1) 266 9100/5328 -- Phone/Fax/Answ: (36 1) 266 4195 e-mail:mate@ludens.elte.hu Home: H-1119 Budapest, Nandorfehervar koz 11 / Phone: (36 1) 204 0489

25 years, 8 months

THE WORK OF ROGER SHEPARD: 7 special BBS Calls for Commentators

by Stevan Harnad

Below are the abstracts of 7 forthcoming target articles to co-appear in a BBS Special Issue on: THE WORK OF ROGER SHEPARD Commentators may comment on one, several, or all 7 target articles. (1) Shepard: Perceptual-Cognitive Universals as Reflections of the World (reprinted from Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1994, 1, 2-28) http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/bbs/Archive/bbs.shepard.html (2) Barlow: The Exploitation of Regularities in the Environment by the Brain http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/bbs/Archive/bbs.barlow.html (3) Hecht: Regularities of the Physical World and the Absence of their Internalization http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/bbs/Archive/bbs.hecht.html (4) Kubovy: Internalization: A metaphor we can live without http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/bbs/Archive/bbs.kubovy.pdf (5) Schwartz: Evolutionary Internalized Regularities http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/bbs/Archive/bbs.schwartz.html (6) Tenenbaum & Griffiths: Generalization, Similarity, and Bayesian Inference http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/bbs/Archive/bbs.tenenbaum.html (7) Todorovic: Is kinematic geometry an internalized regularity? http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/bbs/Archive/bbs.todorovic.html These 7 articles have been accepted for joint publication in a special issue on the work of ROGER SHEPARD in Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS), an international, interdisciplinary journal providing Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences. To be considered as a commentator for this article, to recommend other appropriate commentators, or for information about how to become a BBS Associate, please reply by EMAIL by September 8th to the address below: bbs(a)soton.ac.uk Commentators must either be current BBS Associates or they must be nominated by a current BBS Associate (of which there are currently 10,000). Non-Associates should send a CV and/or the name of a current BBS Associate familiar with their work. To help us put together a balanced list of commentators, in your reply please indicate the aspects of the topic on which you would bring your areas of expertise to bear if you were selected as a commentator. Electronic drafts of the full texts of all 7 articles are available for inspection from the Web. Commentators may comment on one, several, or all 7 target articles. Commentary length is 1000 words for a commentary on one target article, to a maximum of 4000 words for a commentary on all 7 (an extra 500 words are allowed for each additional target article). Please indicate which article(s) you propose to comment upon. ____________________________________________________________ 1. SHEPARD, ROGER (2001) PERCEPTUAL-COGNITIVE UNIVERSALS AS REFLECTIONS OF THE WORLD Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (2): XXX-XXX. URL: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/bbs/Archive/bbs.shepard.html Roger N. Shepard Stanford University Stanford, California roger(a)psych.stanford.edu ABSTRACT: The universality, invariance, and elegance of principles governing the universe may be reflected in principles of the minds that have evolved in that universe--provided that the mental principles are formulated with respect to the abstract spaces appropriate for the representation of biologically significant objects and their properties. (1) Positions and motions of objects conserve their shapes in the geometrically fullest and simplest way when represented as points and connecting geodesic paths in the six-dimensional manifold jointly determined by the Euclidean group of three-dimensional space and the symmetry group of each object. (2) Colors of objects attain constancy when represented as points in a three-dimensional vector space in which each variation in natural illumination is cancelled by application of its inverse from the three-dimensional linear group of terrestrial transformations of the invariant solar source. (3) Kinds of objects support optimal generalization and categorization when represented, in an evolutionarily shaped space of possible objects, as connected regions with associated weights determined by Bayesian revision of maximum-entropy priors. ____________________________________________________________ 2. BARLOW, HORACE (2001) THE EXPLOITATION OF REGULARITIES IN THE ENVIRONMENT BY THE BRAIN Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (2): XXX-XXX. URL: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/bbs/Archive/bbs.barlow.html Horace Barlow Physiological Laboratory Cambridge CB2 3EG England hbb10(a)cam.ac.uk KEYWORDS: Chasles' rule, evolution, geometry, perception, redundancy, statistics, twisting. ABSTRACT: Statistical regularities of the environment are important for learning, memory, intelligence, inductive inference, and in fact for any area of cognitive science where an information-processing brain promotes survival by exploiting them. This has been recognised by many of those interested in cognitive function, starting with Helmholtz, Mach and Pearson, and continuing through Craik, Tolman, Attneave, and Brunswik. In the current era many of us have begun to show how neural mechanisms exploit the regular statistical properties of natural images. Shepard proposed that the apparent trajectory of an object when seen successively at two positions results from internalising the rules of kinematic geometry, and although kinematic geometry is not statistical in nature, this is clearly a related idea. Here it is argued that Shepard's term, "internalisation", is insufficient because it is also necessary to derive an advantage from the process. Having mechanisms selectively sensitive to the spatio-temporal patterns of excitation commonly experienced when viewing moving objects would facilitate the detection, interpolation, and extrapolation of such motions, and might explain the twisting motions that are experienced. Although Shepard's explanation in terms of Chasles' rule seems doubtful, his theory and experiments illustrate that local twisting motions are needed for the analysis of moving objects and provoke thoughts about how they might be detected. ____________________________________________________________ 3. HECHT, HEIKO (2001) REGULARITIES OF THE PHYSICAL WORLD AND THE ABSENCE OF THEIR INTERNALIZATION Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (2): XXX-XXX. URL: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/bbs/Archive/bbs.hecht.html Heiko Hecht Man-Vehicle Lab Massachusetts Institute of Technology Mass Ave., Bldg. 37-219, Cambridge, MA 02139 hecht(a)mit.edu KEYWORDS: Internalization, Evolution, Event Perception ABSTRACT: The notion of internalization put forth by Roger Shepard continues to be appealing and challenging. He suggests that we have internalized, during our evolutionary development, environmental regularities or constraints. Internalization solves one of the hardest problems of perceptual psychology: the underspecification problem. That is the problem of how well-defined perceptual experience is generated from the often ambiguous and incomplete sensory stimulation. Yet, the notion of internalization creates new problems that may outweigh the solution of the underspecification problem. To show this, I first examine the concept of internalization and find it necessary to break it down into several distinct interpretations. These range from well-resolved dynamic regularities to ill-resolved statistical regularities. As a function of the interpretation the researcher selects, an empirical test of the internalization hypothesis may be straight forward or it may become virtually impossible. I then attempt to cover the range of interpretations by drawing on examples from different domains of visual event perception. Unfortunately, the experimental tests regarding most candidate regularities, such as gravitational acceleration, fail to support the concept of internalization. This suggests that narrow interpretations of the concept should be given up in favor of more abstract interpretations. However, the latter are are not easily amenable to empirical testing. There is nonetheless a way to test by contrasting internalization with the opposite concept: externalization of body dynamics. I summarize evidence for such a projection of body constraints onto external objects. Based on the combined evidence of well-resolved and ill-resolved regularities, the value of the notion of internalization has to be reassessed. ____________________________________________________________ 4. KUBOVY, MICHAEL (2001) INTERNALIZATION: A METAPHOR WE CAN LIVE WITHOUT Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (2): XXX-XXX. URL: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/bbs/Archive/bbs.kubovy.pdf Michael Kubovy The University of Virginia KEYWORDS: computational approach, cognitive constructivism, constraints, ecological approach, environmental regularities, evolution, homomorphism, illusory motion, internality, internalization, inverse projec-tion problem, kinematic geometry, mental rotation, metaphors of mind, perception of motion, perceptual universals. ABSTRACT: Shepard has supposed that the mind is stocked with innate knowledge of the world and that this knowledge figures prominently in the way we see the world. According to him, this in-ternal knowledge is the legacy of a process of internalization; a process of natural selection over the evolutionary history of the species. Shepard has developed his proposal most fully in his analysis of the relation between kinematic geometry and the shape of the motion path in apparent motion displays. We argue that Shepard has made a case for applying the principles of kinematic geometry to the perception of motion, but that he has not made the case for in-jecting these principles into the mind of the percipient. We offer a more modest interpretation of his important findings: that kinematic geometry may be a model of apparent motion. Inas-much as our recommended interpretation does not lodge geometry in the mind of the percipient the motivation for positing internalization, a process that moves kinematic geometry into the mind, is obviated. In our conclusion we suggest that cognitive psychologists, in their embrace of internal mental universals and internalization may have been seduced by the siren call of metaphor. ____________________________________________________________ 5. SCHWARTZ, ROBERT (2001) EVOLUTIONARY INTERNALIZED REGULARITIES Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (2): XXX-XXX. URL: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/bbs/Archive/bbs.schwartz.html Robert Schwartz Department of Philosophy University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee Milwaukee, WI 53201 U.S.A. schwartz(a)uwm.edu KEYWORDS: apparent motion, circadian rhythms, constraints, ecoclogical validity, evolution, internalized regularities, kinematic principle. ABSTRACT: Roger Shepard's proposals and supporting experiments concerning evolutionary internalized regularities have been very influential in the study of vision and in other areas of psychology and cognitive science. This paper examines issues concerning the need, nature, explanatory role, and justification for postulating such internalized constraints. In particular, I seek further clarification from Shepard on how best to understand his claim that principles of kinematic geometry underlie phenomena of motion perception. My primary focus is on the ecological validity of Shepard's kinematic constraint in the context of ordinary motion perception. First, I explore the analogy Shepard draws between internalized circadian rhythms and the supposed internalization of kinematic geometry. Next, questions are raised about how to interpret and justify applying results from his own and others experimental studies of apparent motion to more everyday cases of motion perception in richer environments. Finally, some difficulties with Shepard's account of the evolutionary development of his kinematic constraint are considered. ____________________________________________________________ 6. TENENBAUM, JOSHUA B. & GRIFFITHS, THOMAS L. (2001) GENERALIZATION, SIMILARITY, AND BAYESIAN INFERENCE Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (2): XXX-XXX. URL: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/bbs/Archive/bbs.tenenbaum.html Joshua B. Tenenbaum & Thomas L. Griffiths Department of Psychology Jordan Hall, Building 420 Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-2130 jbt(a)psych.stanford.edu KEYWORDS: Additive clustering, Bayesian inference, categorization, concept learning, contrast model, features, generalization, psychological space, similarity. ABSTRACT: Shepard has argued that a universal law should govern generalization across different domains of perception and cognition, as well as across organisms from different species or even different planets. Starting with some basic assumptions about natural kinds, he derived an exponential decay function as the form of the universal generalization gradient, which accords strikingly well with a wide range of empirical data. However, his original formulation applied only to the ideal case of generalization from a single encountered stimulus to a single novel stimulus, and for stimuli that can be represented as points in a continuous metric psychological space. Here we recast Shepard's theory in a more general Bayesian framework and show how this naturally extends his approach to the more realistic situation of generalizing from multiple consequential stimuli with arbitrary representational structure. Our framework also subsumes a version of Tversky's set-theoretic models of similarity, which is conventionally thought of as the primary alternative to Shepard's continuous metric space model of similarity and generalization. This unification allows us not only to draw deep parallels between the set-theoretic and spatial approaches, but also to significantly advance the explanatory power of set-theoretic models. ____________________________________________________________ 7. TODOROVIC, DEJAN (2001) IS KINEMATIC GEOMETRY AN INTERNALIZED REGULARITY? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (2): XXX-XXX. URL: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/bbs/Archive/bbs.todorovic.html Dejan Todorovic Department of Psychology, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Yugoslavia dejan(a)arvotek.net dtodorov(a)dekart.f.bg.ac.yu KEYWORDS: internalization of regularities, kinematic geometry, simplicity ABSTRACT: A general framework for the explanation of perceptual phenomena as internalizations of external regularities was developed by R.N. Shepard. A particular example of this framework is his account of perceived curvilinear apparent motions. This paper contains a brief summary of the relevant psychophysical data, some basic kinematical considerations and examples, and several criticisms of Shepard's account. The criticisms concern the feasibility of internalization of critical motion types, the roles of simplicity and uniqueness, the contrast between classical physics and kinematic geometry, the import of perceived path curvilinearity, and the relation of perceptual and scientific knowledge. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ To help you decide whether you would be an appropriate commentator for these articles, electronic drafts are retrievable from the World Wide Web from the US or UK BBS Archive. Please do not prepare a commentary yet. Just let us know, after having inspected it, what relevant expertise you feel you would bring to bear on what aspect of which article(s). We will then let you know whether it was posible to include your name on the final formal list of invitees. The URLs you can use to get to the BBS Archive: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/bbs/Archive/ ____________________________________________________________ *** FIVE SUPPLEMENTARY ANNOUNCEMENTS *** ------------------------------------------------------------------ (1) There have been some very important developments in the area of Web archiving of scientific papers very recently. Please see: Science: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/science.html Nature: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/nature.html Am. Sci.: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/amlet.html --------------------------------------------------------------------- (2) All authors in the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences are strongly encouraged to archive all their papers (on their Home-Servers as well as) on CogPrints: http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/ It is extremely simple to do so and will make all of our papers available to all of us everywhere at no cost to anyone. See: http://vole.lanl.gov/ups/ups.htm http://xxx.lanl.gov/cgi-bin/show_monthly_submissions --------------------------------------------------------------------- (3) BBS has a new policy of accepting submissions electronically. Authors can specify whether they would like their submissions archived publicly during refereeing in the BBS under-refereeing Archive, or in a referees-only, non-public archive. Upon acceptance, preprints of final drafts are moved to the public BBS Archive: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/bbs/Archive/ -------------------------------------------------------------------- (4) BBS has expanded its annual page quota and is now appearing bimonthly, so the service of Open Peer Commentary can now be be offered to more target articles. The BBS refereeing procedure is also going to be considerably faster with the new electronic submission and processing procedures. Authors are invited to submit papers to: Email: bbs(a)cogsci.soton.ac.uk Web: http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk http://bbs.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/ INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/bbs/instructions.for.authors.html --------------------------------------------------------------------- (5) Call for Book Nominations for BBS Multiple Book Review In the past, Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) journal had only been able to do 1-2 BBS multiple book treatments per year, because of our limited annual page quota. BBS's new expanded page quota will make it possible for us to increase the number of books we treat per year, so this is an excellent time for BBS Associates and biobehavioral/cognitive scientists in general to nominate books you would like to see accorded BBS multiple book review. (Authors may self-nominate, but books can only be selected on the basis of multiple nominations.) It would be very helpful if you indicated in what way a BBS Multiple Book Review of the book(s) you nominate would be useful to the field (and of course a rich list of potential reviewers would be the best evidence of its potential impact!).

25 years, 8 months

CogNews: A news digest service from MIT CogNet (fwd)

by Racsmany Mihaly

---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2000 16:54:06 GMT From: CogNet Newsletter <CogNews(a)cognet.mit.edu> To: racsmany(a)edpsy.u-szeged.hu Subject: CogNews: A news digest service from MIT CogNet You are receiving this email because you registered as a member of MIT CogNet (http://cognet.mit.edu/). We are writing to let you know about new developments and upgrades to the site. The formal launch of the CogNet fee based service will take place at the Inaugural Harry Bradford Stanton Memorial Lecture Series on Thursday September 28th, 2000, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. All CogNet members are invited to attend. Sponsored by The MIT Press, this first lecture will be delivered by Prof. Lila Gleitman and is entitled, 'Does Our Language Affect the Way We Think?' See http://mitpress.mit.edu/bradford/ for details. Check the latest Hot Science article where William Uttal discusses 'The limits of localization of cognitive processes in the brain' a topic which has generated a variety of responses from the community. Read the full article and commentaries at http://cognet.mit.edu/hotscience If you haven't visited CogNet in the last few weeks there are lots of new things to see! *** We've added a new reference work to the Digital Library -- you can now find an electronic version of The New Cognitive Neurosciences by Michael S. Gazzaniga (http://cognet.mit.edu/Gazzaniga/), in addition to The MIT Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science, Robert A. Wilson, and Frank Keil, editors, (http://cognet.mit.edu/MITECS/) and our continually growing collection of links to books and journals, including *** Links to searchable full-text for Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neural Computation at HighWire Press (see http://cognet.mit.edu/library/) *** Profiles for Cognitive Science programs worldwide (see http://cognet.mit.edu/almanac/) *** Up to date Job listings (see http://cognet.mit.edu/jobs/) *** CV and bibliography utilities *** A growing collection of searchable abstracts from major professional conferences and workshops (see http://cognet.mit.edu/posters/index.tcl?type=proceeding) +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ CogNet is free service for now. As of October 1st, 2000, we begin offering an enhanced, fee-based service, details of which can be found online at http://cognet.mit.edu/Cover/member_terms.html Remember, you can take advantage of Charter Membership if you make 4 contributions to the site. See http://cognet.mit.edu/Cover/benefits.html for details You can also check to see if your Library has an Institutional Site License (see http://cognet.mit.edu/sitelicenses/). +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ This message has been sent to you as part of CogNews, the news service of MIT CogNet. No response is necessary. We hope that you find this service of value - and if you do, please tell your colleagues and forward this e-mail to others. IF YOU WOULD RATHER NOT RECEIVE FUTURE NEWS DIGESTS FROM MIT CogNet, please select the appropriate setting at http://cognet.mit.edu/pvt/privacy-change.tcl For further information or technical assistance, please contact: CognetAdmin(a)cognet.mit.edu

25 years, 8 months

TUDOMANYFILOZOFIA SZEMINARIUM, H o f e r - S z a b o G.

by Laszlo E. Szabo

ELTE TTK Tudomanytortenet es Tudomanyfilozofia Tanszek Budapest, Pazmany P. setany 1/A TUDOMANYFILOZOFIA SZEMINARIUM (http://hps.elte.hu/seminar) ________________________ 2000, Szeptember 25. 16:00 (!) 6. em. 6.54 H o f e r - S z a b o G a b o r Budapesti Muszaki es Gazdasagtudomanyi Egyetem Gazdasag- esTarsadalomtudomanyi Kar Filozofia es Tudomanytörteneti Tanszek A reichenbachi közös ok a kvantummechanikaban (PHD ertekezes tanszeki vedese) A reichenbachi közös ok definicioja a következo: Legyen A es B ket (pozitivan) korrelalo esemeny, azaz p(AB)>p(A)p(B) Tegyük fel, hogy letezik egy harmadik, C esemeny az alabbi tulajdonsagokkal: p(AB/C) = p(A/C)p(B/C) p(AB/not-C) = p(A/not-C)p(B/not-C) p(A/C) > p(A/not-C) p(B/C) > p(B/not-C) Ekkor a C esemenyt A es B esemeny közötti korrelacio közös okanak nevezzük. A ket egyenlet jelentese a következo: az A es B esemeny közötti korrelacio eltunik, ha az A, B es AB esemenyek valoszinusegeit a C-re ill. a nem-C-re kondicionaljuk. Ha tudjuk tehat, hogy C ill. nem-C bekövetkezik, akkor A es B ket független esemenykent viselkedik. A ket egyenletben C es nem-C szerepe szimmetrikus. A C es nem-C esemeny közötti aszimmetriat a ket egyenlotlenseg allitja fel: A es B gyakrabban következik be, ha C bekövetkezik, mintha elmarad. Ebben az ertelemben tehat a korrelacio oka C, nem pedig nem-C. A reichenbachi közös ok fogalma a rejtett parameteres kutatasok soran került a kvantummechanikaba. E kutatasok ket merföldkonek szamito irasa Einstein, Podolsky es Rosen 1935-ben irt hires cikke, es Neumann 1932-es könyve. Az egyik implicite bejelentette az igenyt a rejtett parameterekre, a masik explicite cafolta ennek elvi lehetoseget is. Az ötvenes evektol kezdve mind erosebb es altalanosabb no-go-tetelek jelentek meg, ugyanakkor egyre szaporodott a konkret reszterületre terjedo ervenyessegu, de ketsegkivül szinvonalas rejtett parameteres modellek szama. Feszültseg tamadt tehat az altalanos tetelek es a konkret modellek között, ami a tetelek ervenyessegi körenek, a premisszak fizikai jelentesenek tisztazasat sürgette. A feladatot J. S. Bell vegezte el. Bell megmutatta, hogy a rejtett parametereket kizaro tetelek olyan feltevesekkel elnek, amelyek az eredeti kutatasok celkituzeseit tekintve tul erosek, es a konkret modellek ezeket a követelmenyeket rendre meg is kerülik. Masreszt a Bohm-modellek elemzese soran eljutott ahhoz a premisszahoz, amelyet Bohm modelljei mar sertettek, amely ugyanakkor közvetlen fizikai jelentessel rendelkezett. A premissza a faktorizacio volt, es a mögötte huzodo fizikai intuicio pedig a lokalitas. A no-go-tetelek ezek utan tehat igy finomodtak: nem letezik olyan lokalis rejtett parameteres modell, amely a kvantummechanika összes valoszinusegi joslatat reprodukalni tudna. A faktorizacio tehat mint a lokalitast reprezentalo kriterium jelent meg a kvantummechanikai alapkutatasokban. A rejtett parameteres kutatasokkal parhuzamosan azonban egy masik törtenet is elkezdodött a tudomanyfilozofiaban. A modern fizika sikere az alapveto tudomanyfilozofiai fogalmak altalanositasat követelte minden területen. A kvantummechanikat erinto vitak -- többek között -- az oksagi elv ervenyessegenek kerdese körül surusödtek. A kvantummechanikai ervenyesseg kerdese eloször is az ok fogalmanak valoszinusegi altalanositasat követelte. Eloször a kauzalitasnak es a determinizmusnak regota összeforrott fogalmait kellett szetvalasztani, majd megteremteni egy konzisztens valoszinusegi okfogalmat. Az ötvenes evektol kezdve erre több sikeres kiserlet is törtent. Reichenbach szerepe itt alig tulbecsülheto. Közvetlen elodök nelkül olyan formalis konstukciot hozott letre, amely, palyatarsaival ellentetben, nem ket esemenyt kapcsol össze okkent es okozatkent, hanem harmat: ket korrelalo esemenyt es egy a korrelaciot kivalto okot. A definicio kenyes egyensulyt teremt a korrelaciot kivalto ok es az okozatait kivalto ok szerepe között. A korrelacio magyarazatara bevezetett tulajdonsag nem mas, mint a faktorizacio, amely a Bell-egyenlotlensegekben oly fontos szerepet jatszott. Ezek utan mar csak egy lepes volt, hogy a reichenbachi közös okot mutatis mutandis mint specialis rejtett parametert fogjal fel, es ezzel vegkepp elfoglalja helyet a kvantummechanikai alapkutatasban. A törtenet paradox modon folytatodott. Reichenbach közös ok definicioja az eredeti forrasmuben meg mellekes szereppel birt; idoközben azonban önallo metafizikai elvve notte ki magat, amelyre kesobb külön neven mint a Reichenbachi közös ok elve hivatkoztak. Az elv szerint terszeruen szeparalt esemenyek közötti korrelacionak mindig van közös oka. Az elv filozofiai statusat, ervenyessegi köret es jelenteset targyalo irodalom szinte belathatalan. A Reichenbachi közös ok elve jelentosegenek felertekelodese visszahatott a fizikara, es lendületet adott a rejtett parameteres kutatasoknak. A fizikusokat immar nemcsak a klasszikus fizikai intuicio vezette, hanem egy eroteljes filozofiai elv is arrol biztositotta oket, hogy jo uton jarnak. A rejtett parameteres kutatasok mögött felsorakozott a modern realista iskola is, es a kutatas igazi tetjekent a realizmus vedelmet jelölte meg. Az u.n. lokalis realista program ennek igezeteben vette magara a rejtett parameter-kutatasoknak a gyakorlo fizikusok között ekkorra mar rossz csengesu odiumat. A helyzet fonakjat mutatja, hogy amig a filozofiai motivaciok egyre erelyesebben tüzeltek a kutatokat, a program kivihetetlensege annal jobban latszott: a Bell-egyenlotlensegek mind több alternativ valtozata latott napvilagot. Az eloadas az alabbi harom allitas korlatozta szuk terben kivan eligazodni: 1. A Reichenbachi közös ok elve: A reichenbachi közös ok olyan esemenyek közötti korrelacio magyarazatara, amelyek egymassal direkt vagy logikai viszonyban nem allnak, a legfobb, ha nem az egyetlen fogalmi eszköz. 2. Rejtett parameterek: A reichenbachi közös ok egy specialis rejtett parameter. 3. Bell-egyenlotlensegek: A kvantummechanikai korrelaciok rejtett parameteres magyarazatat több eros matematikai tetel tiltja. Eloször a reichenbachi közös ok elv fogalomtörteneti elozmenyeit tisztazzuk, illetve elhelyezzük azt a valoszinusegi kauzalis elmeletekben. Masodszor, azokat a formalis teteleket vesszük szamba, amelyek a reichenbachi közös ok kvantummechanikai alkalmazhatosaganak mintegy keretfelteteleül szolgalnak. Harmadszor, az EPR-paradoxon lokalis realista magyarazatahoz szükseges premisszahalmazt ismertetjük, es beazonositjuk a Bell-egyenlotlensegek serüleseert felelos premisszat. A szeminarium szervezoje: E. Szabo Laszlo

25 years, 8 months

Pszichofiziologiai workshop

by Winkler Istvßn

Kedves Kollegak, 2000. szeptember 18-an 10 es 14 ora kozott workshop-ot tartunk az MTA Pszichologiai Kutatointezet Altalanos Lelektani es Pszichofiziologiai osztalyainak, valamint a Lipcsei Egyetem Pszichologiai Intezetenek kutatoi reszvetelevel az MTA Pszichologiai Kutatointezet Victor Hugo utca 18-22 alatti epuletenek elso emeleti eloado termeben. Ezen level vegen megtalalja a workshop elozetes programjat. Ha a temak felkeltettek erdeklodeset, orommel vesszuk megjeleneset. Mivel az eredetileg lefoglalt terem kicsi, kerjuk, hogy jelezze, ha valoszinuleg eljonne, hogy szukseg eseten hazon belul nagyobb befogado kepessegu teremrol gondoskodhassunk. Udvozlettel Winkler Istvan Workshop on Current Psychophysiological Research conducted in the Institute for Psychology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Institute for Psychology, University of Leipzig The workshop will take place between 10 and 14 o'clock on the 18th of September 2000, in the lecture room of the Institute for Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1132. Budapest, Victor Hugo u. 18-22). Program 10:00 István Czigler: Institute for Psychology of the Hungarian Psychology of Sciences: past and present 10:15 Erich Schröger: Introduction; a short presentation of the RON component 10:30 Thomas Jacobsen: Break 11:00 George Karmos: Recording of intracortical field potentials and multi-unit activity in epileptic patients 11:15 Valéria Csépe: ERPs and child development 11:30 Márk Molnár: Non-linear analysis of event-related potentials Break 12:00 Urte Roeber: Visual processing: Binocular rivalry and visual marking 12:15 Stefan Berti: Auditory processing 12:30 Andreas Widmann: Audio-visual processing Break 13:00 László Balázs: ERP changes in altitude hypoxia 13:15 Dénes Szücs: ERP correlates of Morse code acquisition 13:30 Péter Lakatos: Comparative analysis of the spontaneous gamma activity and the steady-state response in the cat auditory cortex.

25 years, 8 months

Szentagothai emlekules

by Csaba PLEH

Szeptember 20-an, szerdan 14 orakor az MTA Szekhaz Nagyterneben eloadast tart Lang Istvan SZENTAGTHAI JANOS A TUDOMANYPOLITIKUS cimmel. Ha jol ertem, filmbejatszasok is lesznek.

25 years, 8 months

kis kognitiv pszicholgia

by Csaba PLEH

Akit erdekel, mondjuk serduletlen diakjai szamara, megjelent egy kis kognitiv pszicholgiai bevezeto Rui Da Silva Neves: EMLEKEK, KEPEK, GONDOLATOK cimmel, Osiris, 1500 Ft. Franciabol foditotta: Kiraly ildiko Csaba Pleh Pleh Csaba Cognitive Science Group Megismerestudomanyi Csoport Department of Psychology Pszichologiai Tanszek University of Szeged Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem Szeged Petofi sgt 30-34, 6722 Hungary Telefon/Phone: (36)(62) 544691 Lakas/Home: Budakeszi Zichy P. u. 4 2092 Hungary (36)(23) 453932 or 933 Fax: (36(23)453932 Mobile: (0620) 3278922 WEB: http//www.jate.u-szeged.hu/~pleh Hungarian Review of Psychology Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle editor foszerkeszto

25 years, 8 months

2000 oszi kognitiv orak Szegeden

by Csaba PLEH

ELNEZEST KEREK A TOBBSZOROS PELDANYOKERT A Szegedi Tudomanyegyetemen a 2000. oszi felevben is meghirdetjuk a MEGISMERESTUDOMANYI orakinalatot A felsobbeves pszichologus diakoknak valaszthato specilizacio reszet kepezik az orak, minden diakot szerettel varunk azonban Szeptember 11-en, hetfon 16 orakor altalanos tajekoztatot tartunk az Irinyi epulet (Boldoasszony sugarut 4) foldszinti pszichologia eloadojaban. Szeretettel varjuk itt az erdeklodoket. Informacioval szolgal Pleh csaba pleh(a)edpsy.u-szeged.hu A MEGHIRDETETETT KURZUSOK Bevezetes a kognitív tudomanyba Kampis Gyorgy tombositve A tarsas nyelveszet alapjai - Sandor Klara, Kontra Miklos Csutortok 12-14, Foiskola nagyeloado Nyelv es evolucio Sandor Klara es Kampis Gyorgy, tombositve, kesobb hirdetendo idoben Irodalmi megismeres - Az essze, mint tudas Mikola Gyongyi Kedd 8-10, Irinyi labor Rovid tortenetek, mint kognitív mintazatok Kotel Emoke szerda 16-18, Irodalmi Olvaso A kognitív műkodes neurobiologiai es komputacios alapjai Kovacs Gyula, Nadasdy Zoltan, Kedd 16-18, Elattan Eloado Emlekezeti zavarok Racsmany Mihaly kedd 14-16 Irinyi tanterem Az erkolcsi fejlodes kognitív osszetevoi Vajda Zsuzsanna Szerda 10-12, XII. terem Teri megismeres es nyelv Pleh Csaba kedd, 12-14, Varkonyi terem Principles of categorization Hernad Istvan tombositve Tudomanyos megismeres es tudomanyfilozofia Tompa Tamas, idopontot kesobb hirdetjuk Vizualis megismeres Kovacs Gyula kesobb megandando idopontban A neuropszichologia alapjai Keri Szabolcs, kesobb megandando idopontban Neurolingvisztika es pragmatika Ivasko Livia, kesobb megandando idopontban Nyelvi diszfunkciok kezelése az iskolaban Ivasko Livia, kesobb megandando idopontban 2 Csaba Pleh Pleh Csaba Cognitive Science Group Megismerestudomanyi Csoport Department of Psychology Pszichologiai Tanszek University of Szeged Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem Szeged Petofi sgt 30-34, 6722 Hungary Telefon/Phone: (36)(62) 544691 Lakas/Home: Budakeszi Zichy P. u. 4 2092 Hungary (36)(23) 453932 or 933 Fax: (36(23)453932 Mobile: (0620) 3278922 WEB: http//www.jate.u-szeged.hu/~pleh Hungarian Review of Psychology Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle editor foszerkeszto

25 years, 8 months

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koglist September 2000