Dear Dr. Qwerty,
Below is a link to the forthcoming BBS target article
From mouth to hand: Gesture, speech, and the evolution of right-handedness
by
Michael C. Corballis
http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Corballis/Referees/
This article has been accepted for publication in Behavioral and Brain
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FROM MOUTH TO HAND: GESTURE, SPEECH, AND THE EVOLUTION OF RIGHT-HANDEDNESS
Michael C. Corballis
Department of Psychology
University of Auckland
Auckland, New Zealand
KEYWORDS: cerebral dominance; gestures; handedness; hominids; language
evolution; primates; speech; vocalization
ABSTRACT: The strong predominance of right-handedness appears to be a
uniquely human characteristic, whereas the left-cerebral dominance for
vocalization occurs in many species, including frogs, birds, and mammals.
Right-handedness may have arisen because of an association between manual
gestures and vocalization in the evolution of language. I argue that
language evolved from manual gestures, gradually incorporating vocal
elements. The transition may be traced through changes in the function of
Brocas area. Its homologue in monkeys has nothing to do with vocal
control, but contains the so-called "mirror neurons" that code for both
the production of manual reaching movements onto the perception of those
same movements performed by others. This system is bilateral in monkeys,
but predominantly left-hemispheric in humans, and in humans is involved
with vocalization as well as manual actions. There is evidence that
Brocas area is enlarged on the left side in Homo habilis, suggesting that
a link between gesture and vocalization may go back at least 2 million
years, although other evidence suggests that speech may not have become
fully autonomous until Homo sapiens appeared some 170,000 years ago, or
perhaps even later. The removal of manual gesture as a necessary
component of language may explain the rapid advance of technology,
allowing late migrations of Homo sapiens from Africa to replace all other
hominids in other parts of the world, including the Neanderthals in
Europe, Homo erectus in Asia. Nevertheless, the long association of
vocalization with manual gesture left us a legacy of right-handedness.
http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Corballis/Referees/
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Ralph
BBS
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