koglist December 2019

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8 participants
15 discussions

[Koglist] [CEU Cogsci Talks] `Savouring and its Modulation by Prediction Errors` by Peter Dayan (Max Planck for Biological Cybernetics) on Monday, December 9, 2019

by Gyorgyne Finta

Dear All, The CEU Department of Cognitive Science cordially invites you to its next talk by: Peter Dayan (Max Planck for Biological Cybernetics)<https://www.mpg.de/12309370/biologische-kybernetik-dayan-peter> Date: Monday, December 9, 2019 - 17:00 - 18:30 - note the unusual day!! Host: Mate Lengyel Location: CEU Oktober 6 street 7, room 101 Title: "Savouring and its Modulation by Prediction Errors" Abstract: Humans and animals apparently extract intrinsic value from anticipating, or savoring, impending rewards. Further, when these outcomes are uncertain, people typically prefer to know their fate in advance. We link these two phenomena through the suggestion that reward prediction errors occasioned by the revelation can boost the level of savoring. The result is a behavioural anomaly that has consequences for maladaptivity such as gambling. We formalize this proposal, and investigate its neurobiology in humans using fMRI. In a task involving delayed probabilistic rewards, we found that participants had a greater preference for advance information for greater delays and lower probabilities, consistent with the boosting hypothesis. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) encoded the time-varying anticipatory value signal predicted by the behavioral model. Reward prediction errors, encoded in dopaminergic midbrain, were coupled to vmPFC via hippocampus. We suggest that boosting might be driven by enhanced hippocampus-based imagination of future outcomes. This is joint work with Kyo Iigaya, Tobias Hauser, Zeb Kurth-Nelson, John O'Doherty and Ray Dolan. See more at: https://events.ceu.edu/2019-12-09/peter-dayan-savouring-and-its-modulation-… We look forward to seeing you there! Cognitive Science Events at CEU: http://cognitivescience.ceu.edu/events Györgyné Finta (Réka) Department Coordinator ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Central European University Department of Cognitive Science H-1051 Budapest Oktober 6 utca 7. tel: (36-1) 887-5138 fax: (36-1) 887-5010 http://www.ceu.edu http://cognitivescience.ceu.edu ______________________________________________ Subscribe by sending an empty mail to talks-subscribe(a)cogsci.ceu.edu Unsubscribe by sending an empty mail to talks-unsubscribe(a)cogsci.ceu.edu

6 years, 5 months

[Koglist] NYTI: decemberi programok

by Nyelvesz Info

Kedves kollégák! Szeretettel várunk minden érdeklődőt a Nyelvtudományi Intézet decemberi előadásaira! 2019. december 5. (csütörtök) 14 óra Szalai Andrea A vendéglátás interakciós rítusa a romaniban Absztrakt: http://www.nytud.hu/program/absz/szalaia20191205.pdf Helyszín: földszinti előadóterem Szervező: Pragmatika Központ 2019. december 10. (kedd) 10.30 Dömötör Adrienne Rejtekező nyelvemlékek a régmúltból Absztrakt: http://www.nytud.hu/program/absz/domotor20191210.pdf Helyszín: földszinti előadóterem Szervező: Nyelvtörténeti és Uralisztikai Osztály, Nyelvtörténeti munkacsoport 2019. december 12. (csütörtök) 11 óra Dér Csilla Függetlenedett hogy kötőszós mellékmondatok szinkrón és diakrón korpuszvizsgálata Helyszín: földszinti előadóterem Szervező: Nyelvtörténeti és Uralisztikai Osztály, Nyelvtörténeti munkacsoport 2019. december 12. (csütörtök) 16:30 Szabó Eszter (CEU) The emergence of negation comprehension in infancy Absztrakt: http://www.nytud.hu/program/absz/szaboe20191212.pdf Helyszín: 110-es terem Szervező: MTA-ELTE Elméleti Nyelvészeti Intézeti Tanszék Magyar Szemantikusok Asztaltársasága (MASZAT) 2019. december 17. (kedd) 11 óra Fejes László Van-e antiharmónia az erzában? Absztrakt: Az erza harmóniával kapcsolatban a szakirodalom magánhangzó-harmóniáról beszél, bár a leírásokból is egyértelmű, hogy a harmóniában a mássalhangzók is fontos szerepet játszanak. A harmónia működésének részleteivel kapcsolatban még számos terület feltáratlan. Előadásomban azt a vizsgálatot mutatom be, mely a sztenderd erza antiharmonikus töveinek feltárására irányult. Ehhez ismertetem, mi tekinthető az erzában antiharmonikus tőnek, majd bemutatom az ilyenek keresésére irányuló vizsgálat módszereit és eredményeit, illetve ennek hiányosságait és a további vizsgálatok célszerű irányait. Helyszín: 110-es terem Szervező: Elméleti Nyelvészeti Osztály, FOMO kutatócsoport Helyszín: MTA Nyelvtudományi Intézet 1068 Budapest Benczúr u. 33. *** A részletekről, valamint az esetleges változásokról a honlapon tájékozódhatnak: http://www.nytud.hu/intprog.html

6 years, 5 months

[Koglist] [CEU Cogsci Talks] REMINDER: Public PhD Defense at CEU: Helena Miton, 2 pm on December 6, 2019 - ``EXPLORATIONS IN CULTURAL EVOLUTION: METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES AND CASE STUDIES``

by Gyorgyne Finta

Reminder: The Department of Cognitive Science cordially invites you to the public defense of the PhD thesis of Helena Miton ``EXPLORATIONS IN CULTURAL EVOLUTION: METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES AND CASE STUDIES`` Primary supervisor: Christophe Heintz Secondary supervisor: Dan Sperber External advisor: Olivier Morin with Agnes Melinda Kovacs, CEU, Internal Chair Jamie Tehrani<https://www.dur.ac.uk/anthropology/staff/academic/?id=5388>, Durham University, external examiner, Simon Kirby<https://www.ed.ac.uk/profile/simon-kirby>, University of Edinburgh, external examiner. Venue: Popper Room, Nador street 9. Time: 2 pm, December 6, 2019 Abstract This thesis aims at developing a framework for empirical research in cultural evolution, drawing on cultural attraction theory. This framework is outlined in the Introduction. The five chapters of the thesis demonstrate the robustness of this framework across different cultural domains and diverse types of causal factors relevant to explaining the emergence, success, and evolution of cultural types. Chapter 1 reviews the use of cultural transmission experiments (transmission chains, replacement, closed groups and seeded groups) in studying cumulative cultural evolution. Cumulative cultural evolution is usually defined as the process by which traditions are gradually modified. This chapter identifies several mismatches between theoretical definitions of cumulative culture and their implementation in cultural transmission experiments, and suggests possible solutions to reduce these mismatches. Chapter 2 documents an exception to Zipf’s law of abbreviation (which relates more frequent signals to shorter signal lengths) by observing two large corpus of European heraldic motifs (total N = 25115). Our results suggest that lacking –or at least losing- iconicity may be a precondition for Zipf’s Law of Abbreviation to obtain in a graphic code. Chapter 3 tests hypotheses on possible determinants of visual complexity in characters, using a standardized collection of 47,880 pictures from 133 writing systems, and two measures of visual complexity (algorithmic and perimetric). This chapter provides evidence that (1) the size of a script’s inventory influences character complexity, (2) one of the main determinant of character complexity is the script’s type (e.g., alphabetic, syllabic), and (3) there is a surprising lack of evolutionary change in character complexity. Chapter 4 provides evidence of the existence of a forward bias in human profile-oriented portraits: there is a widespread tendency (total N = 1833, from 582 unique painters) to represent sitters with more space in front of them than behind them. It also suggests that this bias became more frequently and more strongly expressed over time. Chapter 5 shows that different physical affordances can influence the rhythms naïve participants produce in a transmission chain experiment. Rhythmical sequences produced by participants having to adapt to use different movements reflected such constrains in both their structure and timing. Two shorter introductions to chapter 2 and 3 and to chapter 4 and 5 outline the commonalities between the two chapters they each introduce. The conclusion revisits the question raised and the framework outlined in the introduction in the light of the five chapters of the thesis. We are looking forward to meeting you there! Organized by the Department of Cognitive Science ______________________________________________ Subscribe by sending an empty mail to talks-subscribe(a)cogsci.ceu.edu Unsubscribe by sending an empty mail to talks-unsubscribe(a)cogsci.ceu.edu

6 years, 5 months

[Koglist] [CEU Cogsci Talks] `Information in images` by Olivier Morin (Max Planck Institute) on Wednesday, December 4, 2019

by Gyorgyne Finta

Dear All, The CEU Department of Cognitive Science cordially invites you to its next talk by: Olivier Morin (Institut Jean Nicod, ENS, PSL, Paris & Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena) Date: Wednesday, December 4, 2019 - 17:00 - 18:30 Host: Christophe Heintz Location: CEU Nador street 15, room 103 - note the unusual venue!! Title: "Information in images" Abstract: How do images carry information? This question, usually addressed by semioticians or philosophers, can be answered quantitatively. This talk will present a framework that uses information theory to study and predict how the amount of information that images can carry may evolve. This framework focuses on graphic codes-images conventionally associated with meanings, as found in writing systems, pictographs, coin designs, heraldry, digital communication, etc. It considers three forms of information that a visual symbol may carry: complexity, distinctiveness, and specificity. A symbol's complexity assesses the cognitive costs carried by the act of processing and storing it. Its distinctiveness measures to what degree it stands out relative to other symbols. Its specificity quantifies the degree of precision that it is capable of when pointing at objects outside itself. All three types of information can be tracked using measures derived from information theory. These allow us to bring an evolutionary and quantitative perspective to classical semiotic questions. This framework will be illustrated with a range of naturalistic studies, considering cultural history in a quantitative light. See more at: https://events.ceu.edu/2019-12-04/departmental-colloquium-olivier-morin-max… We look forward to seeing you there! Cognitive Science Events at CEU: http://cognitivescience.ceu.edu/events Györgyné Finta (Réka) Department Coordinator ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Central European University Department of Cognitive Science H-1051 Budapest Oktober 6 utca 7. tel: (36-1) 887-5138 fax: (36-1) 887-5010 http://www.ceu.edu http://cognitivescience.ceu.edu ______________________________________________ Subscribe by sending an empty mail to talks-subscribe(a)cogsci.ceu.edu Unsubscribe by sending an empty mail to talks-unsubscribe(a)cogsci.ceu.edu

6 years, 5 months

[Koglist] Peter Dayan két előadása

by Máté Lengyel

Tisztelt Kollégák, A jövő héten, 2019. december 9-én hétfőn és 10-én kedden, Peter Dayan két előadást tart Budapesten, egyet a CEU Kognitívtudományi Tanszékén, egyet pedig az MTA KOKI-ban. Az előadások további részletei a levél alján. Minden érdeklődőt szeretettel várunk. Peter Dayan a Royal Society rendes tagja, korábban a University College London Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit tanszékének vezetője, tavaly óta pedig a tübingeni Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics igazgatója. Peter a bayes-i statisztika és a megerősítéses tanulás módszereit alkalmazza az idegtudományban, a kortikális hálózatok és a neuromodulátorok (különösen a dopamin) funkcióinak megértésében ért el alapvető fontosságú eredményeket. Munkáját többek között a Rumlehart Prize-zal (2012) és a Brain Prize-zal (2017) ismerték el. Üdvözlettel, Lengyel Máté és Káli Szabolcs -- Máté Lengyel Senior Research Fellow Department of Cognitive Science Central European University Oktober 6 street 7, Budapest H-1051, Hungary tel: +36 1 887 5142 , fax: +36 1 887 5010 Professor of Computational Neuroscience Computational and Biological Learning Lab Cambridge University Engineering Department Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK tel: +44 (0)1223 748 532, fax: +44 (0)1223 332 662 email: m.lengyel(a)eng.cam.ac.uk web: www.eng.cam.ac.uk/~m.lengyel *** December 9., hétfő, 17:00-18:30 CEU Kognitívtudományi Tanszék Budapest 1051, Okóber 6-a utca 7., 101-es terem (1. emelet) Savouring and its Modulation by Prediction Errors Humans and animals apparently extract intrinsic value from anticipating, or savoring, impending rewards. Further, when these outcomes are uncertain, people typically prefer to know their fate in advance. We link these two phenomena through the suggestion that reward prediction errors occasioned by the revelation can boost the level of savoring. The result is a behavioural anomaly that has consequences for maladaptivity such as gambling. We formalize this proposal, and investigate its neurobiology in humans using fMRI. In a task involving delayed probabilistic rewards, we found that participants had a greater preference for advance information for greater delays and lower probabilities, consistent with the boosting hypothesis. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) encoded the time-varying anticipatory value signal predicted by the behavioral model. Reward prediction errors, encoded in dopaminergic midbrain, were coupled to vmPFC via hippocampus. We suggest that boosting might be driven by enhanced hippocampus-based imagination of future outcomes. This is joint work with Kyo Iigaya, Tobias Hauser, Zeb Kurth-Nelson, John O'Doherty and Ray Dolan. *** December 10., kedd, 11:00-12:00 MTA Kísérleti Orvostudományi Kutatóintézet Budapest 1083, Szigony u. 43. Pavlovian-Instrumental Interactions in Active Avoidance Active avoidance is a behavioural neuroscience paradigm that is replete with psychological and neural enigmas. It has therefore attracted substantial computational interest. We built a model of a recent experiment by Gentry, Lee, and Roesch (’Phasic dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens predicts approach and avoidance performance’, Nat. Commun., 7:13154) which shows phasic dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens core of rats whilst they avoided shocks, acquired food, or acted to gain no programmed outcome. These last, neutral, trials turned out to be a perfect probe for the workings of avoidance, partly because of the substantial differences between subjects and sessions revealed in the experiment. We suggest a way to interpret this probe, gaining support for opponency-, safety-, and Pavlovian-influenced treatments of avoidance.

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koglist December 2019