Department of HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Eotvos University, Budapest
Pazmany P. setany 1/A Budapest
Phone/Fax: (36-1) 372 2924
Department's Home Page:http://hps.elte.hu
P h i l o s o p h y o f S c i e n c e C o l l o q u i u m
Room 6.54 (6th floor) Monday 4:00 PM
____________________________________
19 May 4:00 PM 6th floor 6.54
J á n o s T a n á c s
Philosophy and History of Science, Technical University of Budapest
Jelentésváltozás versus jelentésállandóság a geometria axiómarendszerei
közötti átmenetben
(Change versus invariance of meaning when switching between different
axiomatic systems of geometry)
Az előadásban a geometria három, egymással szoros összefüggésben álló
axiómarendszerének szemantikai problémáit vizsgálom.
A három vizsgált axiómarendszer a Bolyai-féle abszolút geometria (AGB)
axiómarendszere, valamint a kiterjesztéseivel kapott euklideszi (EG), illetve
Bolyai-Lobacsevszkij-féle hiperbolikus (nemeuklideszi, NEG) geometria
axiómarendszerei. A kérdés első lépésben az, hogy vajon a három
axiómarendszer formálisan azonos alapfogalmai azonos jelentésűek-e is egyben?
Ugyanez a kérdés a definiált fogalmak szintjén is felvethető.
Az előadásban két, egymással ellentétes nézőpont rekonstruálásra és
konfrontálására teszek kísérletet. Az egyik nézőpont Tóth Imre modellelméleti
megfontolásokra alapozott érvelése, amely az alapfogalmak szemantikai
invarianciáját képviseli. A másik álláspont értelemszerűen az alapfogalmak
szemantikai varianciáját állítja, méghozzá olyan megfontolások alapján,
amelyet szemantikai holizmusnak nevezhetünk. Ezt az álláspontot, többek
között, David Hilbert neve fémjelzi.
Röviden összegzem az axiómák szemantikai felfogásával kapcsolatos
Frege-Hilbert vitát; a vita középpontjában az axiómák ?implicit
definíciókként" történő felfogása állt. Megmutatom, hogy Hilbert az
axiómarendszerekkel összefüggésben, a várakozásokkal ellentétben, nem
?szuperformalista" álláspontot tett magáévá (amely az axiómákat minden
jelentést nélkülöző jelek halmazának tekinti), hanem mind elvi síkon, mind
konkrétan, választott példáival a szemantikai holizmust, és az alapfogalmak
szemantikai varianciáját képviselte.
A szemantikai invarianciát, illetve varianciát képviselő álláspontok
hátterében álló jelentésfelfogások legfontosabb ismérveinek vázolását
követően a definiált fogalmak szintjén előálló problémák vizsgálata felé
fordulok. Evert W. Beth és Alfred Tarski
definiálhatósággal/definiálhatatlansággal kapcsolatos eredményeit
felhasználva a definiált fogalmak szemantikai holizmusa mellett érvelek. Beth
és Tarski módszerét elemezve kiderül, hogy az alapfogalmak jelentésének
invarianciáját képviselve a definiált fogalmak szintjén a szemantikai
varianciát és a definiált fogalmak szemantikai holizmusát kell képviselnünk
az axiómarendszerek közötti átmenetben. Ez az alapfogalmak szemantikai
invarianciáját képviselő álláspontok, például Tóth Imre álláspontjának
inkoherens jellegét mutatja, amely így hátrányba kerül a másikkal szemben:
mást képvisel az alapfogalmak, és mást a definiált fogalmak szintjén.
___________________________________
The 60-minute lecture is followed by a 10-minute break. Then we held a
30-60-minute discussion.The participants may comment the talks and
initiate discussion on the Internet. The comments should be written in
the language of the presentation.
The organizer of the colloquium:
Laszlo E. Szabo (email: leszabo(a)hps.elte.hu)
--
L a s z l o E. S z a b o
Theoretical Physics Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Department of History and Philosophy of Science
Eotvos University, Budapest
H-1518 Budapest, Pf. 32, Hungary
Phone/Fax: (36-1)372-2924
Mobil/SMS: (36) 20-366-1172
http://hps.elte.hu/~leszabo
Below is a link to the forthcoming BBS target article
The Signal Functions of Early Infant Crying
by
Joseph Soltis
http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Soltis-11072002/Referees/
This article has been accepted for publication in Behavioral and Brain
Sciences (BBS), an international, interdisciplinary journal providing
Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in
the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences.
Commentators must be BBS Associates or suggested by a BBS Associate. To be
considered as a commentator for this article, to suggest other appropriate
commentators, or for information about how to become a BBS Associate,
please reply by EMAIL within three (3) weeks to:
calls(a)bbsonline.org
The Calls are sent to 10,000 BBS Associates, so there is no expectation
(indeed, it would be calamitous) that each recipient should comment on every
occasion! Hence there is no need to reply except if you wish to comment, or
to suggest someone to comment.
If you are not a BBS Associate, please approach a current BBS Associate
(there are currently over 10,000 worldwide) who is familiar with your work
to nominate you. All past BBS authors, referees and commentators are
eligible to become BBS Associates. An electronic list of current BBS
Associates is available at this location to help you select a name:
http://www.bbsonline.org/Instructions/assoclist.html
(please note that this list is being updated)
If no current BBS Associate knows your work, please send us your
Curriculum Vitae and BBS will circulate it to appropriate Associates to
ask whether they would be prepared to nominate you. (In the meantime, your
name, address and email address will be entered into our database as an
unaffiliated investigator.)
=======================================================================
** IMPORTANT **
=======================================================================
To help us put together a balanced list of commentators, it would be most
helpful if you would send us an indication of the relevant expertise you
would bring to bear on the paper, and what aspect of the paper you would
anticipate commenting upon.
(Please note that we only request expertise information in order to
simplify the selection process.)
Please DO NOT prepare a commentary until you receive a formal invitation,
indicating that it was possible to include your name on the final list,
which is constructed so as to balance areas of expertise and frequency of
prior commentaries in BBS.
To help you decide whether you would be an appropriate commentator for
this article, an electronic draft is retrievable at the URL that follows
the abstract and keywords below.
=======================================================================
=======================================================================
The Signal Functions of Early Infant Crying
Joseph Soltis
National Institutes of Health
ABSTRACT: In this article I evaluate recent attempts to illuminate the
human infant cry from an evolutionary perspective. Infants are born into
an uncertain parenting environment, which can range from indulgent care of
offspring to infanticide. Infant cries are in large part adaptations that
maintain proximity to and elicit care from caregivers. There is not strong
evidence for acoustically distinct cry types, however, but infant cries
may function as a graded signal. During pain-induced autonomic nervous
system arousal, for example, neural input to the vocal cords increases cry
pitch. Caregivers may use this acoustic information, together with other
cues, to guide care-giving behavior. Serious pathology, on the other hand,
results in chronically and severely abnormal cry acoustics. Such abnormal
crying may be a proximate cause of adaptive infant maltreatment, in
circumstances in which parents cut their losses and reduce or withdraw
investment from infants with low survival chances.
An increase in the amount of crying during the first few months of life is
a human universal, and excessive crying, or colic, represents the upper
end of this normal increase. Potential signal functions of excessive
crying include manipulation of parents to acquire additional resources,
honest signaling of need, and honest signaling of vigor. Current evidence
does not strongly support any of these hypotheses, but the evidence is
most consistent with the hypothesis that excessive early infant crying is
a signal of vigor that evolved to reduce the risk of a reduction or
withdrawal of parental care.
KEYWORDS: colic, crying, early infant crying, honest signaling,
infanticide, parental care, parent-offspring conflict, separation call,
vocalization.
http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Soltis-11072002/Referees/
=======================================================================
=======================================================================
*** SUPPLEMENTARY ANNOUNCEMENT ***
(1) Call for Book Nominations for BBS Multiple Book Review
In the past, Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) had only been able
to do 1-2 BBS multiple book treatments per year, because of our
limited annual page quota. BBS's new expanded page quota will make
it possible for us to increase the number of books we treat per
year, so this is an excellent time for BBS Associates and
biobehavioral/cognitive scientists in general to nominate books you
would like to see accorded BBS multiple book review.
(Authors may self-nominate, but books can only be selected on the
basis of multiple nominations.) It would be very helpful if you
indicated in what way a BBS Multiple Book Review of the book(s) you
nominate would be useful to the field (and of course a rich list of
potential reviewers would be the best evidence of its potential
impact!).
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
Please note: Your email address has been added to our user database for
Calls for Commentators, the reason you received this email. If you do not
wish to receive further Calls, please feel free to change your mailshot
status through your User Login link on the BBSPrints homepage, using your
username and password. Or, email a response with the word "remove" in the
subject line.
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
Barbara Finlay
Editor
Jeffrey Gray
Editor
Behavioral and Brain Sciences
bbs(a)bbsonline.org
http://www.bbsonline.org
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Dear Dr. Qwerty,
Below is a link to the forthcoming BBS target article
The Signal Functions of Early Infant Crying
by
Joseph Soltis
http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Soltis-11072002/Referees/
This article has been accepted for publication in Behavioral and Brain
Sciences (BBS), an international, interdisciplinary journal providing
Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in
the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences.
Commentators must be BBS Associates or suggested by a BBS Associate. To be
considered as a commentator for this article, to suggest other appropriate
commentators, or for information about how to become a BBS Associate,
please reply by EMAIL within three (3) weeks to:
calls(a)bbsonline.org
The Calls are sent to 10,000 BBS Associates, so there is no expectation
(indeed, it would be calamitous) that each recipient should comment on every
occasion! Hence there is no need to reply except if you wish to comment, or
to suggest someone to comment.
If you are not a BBS Associate, please approach a current BBS Associate
(there are currently over 10,000 worldwide) who is familiar with your work
to nominate you. All past BBS authors, referees and commentators are
eligible to become BBS Associates. An electronic list of current BBS
Associates is available at this location to help you select a name:
http://www.bbsonline.org/Instructions/assoclist.html
(please note that this list is being updated)
If no current BBS Associate knows your work, please send us your
Curriculum Vitae and BBS will circulate it to appropriate Associates to
ask whether they would be prepared to nominate you. (In the meantime, your
name, address and email address will be entered into our database as an
unaffiliated investigator.)
=======================================================================
** IMPORTANT **
=======================================================================
To help us put together a balanced list of commentators, it would be most
helpful if you would send us an indication of the relevant expertise you
would bring to bear on the paper, and what aspect of the paper you would
anticipate commenting upon.
(Please note that we only request expertise information in order to
simplify the selection process.)
Please DO NOT prepare a commentary until you receive a formal invitation,
indicating that it was possible to include your name on the final list,
which is constructed so as to balance areas of expertise and frequency of
prior commentaries in BBS.
To help you decide whether you would be an appropriate commentator for
this article, an electronic draft is retrievable at the URL that follows
the abstract and keywords below.
=======================================================================
=======================================================================
The Signal Functions of Early Infant Crying
Joseph Soltis
National Institutes of Health
ABSTRACT: In this article I evaluate recent attempts to illuminate the
human infant cry from an evolutionary perspective. Infants are born into
an uncertain parenting environment, which can range from indulgent care of
offspring to infanticide. Infant cries are in large part adaptations that
maintain proximity to and elicit care from caregivers. There is not strong
evidence for acoustically distinct cry types, however, but infant cries
may function as a graded signal. During pain-induced autonomic nervous
system arousal, for example, neural input to the vocal cords increases cry
pitch. Caregivers may use this acoustic information, together with other
cues, to guide care-giving behavior. Serious pathology, on the other hand,
results in chronically and severely abnormal cry acoustics. Such abnormal
crying may be a proximate cause of adaptive infant maltreatment, in
circumstances in which parents cut their losses and reduce or withdraw
investment from infants with low survival chances.
An increase in the amount of crying during the first few months of life is
a human universal, and excessive crying, or colic, represents the upper
end of this normal increase. Potential signal functions of excessive
crying include manipulation of parents to acquire additional resources,
honest signaling of need, and honest signaling of vigor. Current evidence
does not strongly support any of these hypotheses, but the evidence is
most consistent with the hypothesis that excessive early infant crying is
a signal of vigor that evolved to reduce the risk of a reduction or
withdrawal of parental care.
KEYWORDS: colic, crying, early infant crying, honest signaling,
infanticide, parental care, parent-offspring conflict, separation call,
vocalization.
http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Soltis-11072002/Referees/
=======================================================================
=======================================================================
*** SUPPLEMENTARY ANNOUNCEMENT ***
(1) Call for Book Nominations for BBS Multiple Book Review
In the past, Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) had only been able
to do 1-2 BBS multiple book treatments per year, because of our
limited annual page quota. BBS's new expanded page quota will make
it possible for us to increase the number of books we treat per
year, so this is an excellent time for BBS Associates and
biobehavioral/cognitive scientists in general to nominate books you
would like to see accorded BBS multiple book review.
(Authors may self-nominate, but books can only be selected on the
basis of multiple nominations.) It would be very helpful if you
indicated in what way a BBS Multiple Book Review of the book(s) you
nominate would be useful to the field (and of course a rich list of
potential reviewers would be the best evidence of its potential
impact!).
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
Please note: Your email address has been added to our user database for
Calls for Commentators, the reason you received this email. If you do not
wish to receive further Calls, please feel free to change your mailshot
status through your User Login link on the BBSPrints homepage, using your
username and password. Or, email a response with the word "remove" in the
subject line.
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
Barbara Finlay
Editor
Jeffrey Gray
Editor
Behavioral and Brain Sciences
bbs(a)bbsonline.org
http://www.bbsonline.org
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Department of HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Eotvos University, Budapest
Pazmany P. setany 1/A Budapest
Phone/Fax: (36-1) 372 2924
Department's Home Page:http://hps.elte.hu
P h i l o s o p h y o f S c i e n c e C o l l o q u i u m
Room 6.54 (6th floor) Monday 4:00 PM
____________________________________
12 May 4:00 PM 6th floor 6.54
G ü n t h e r F l e c k
Department of Human and Social Sciences
National Defence Academy, Vienna, Austria
THE ANTI-SCIENCE PHENOMENON:
PSYCHOLOGICAL ROOTS OF RISKY DEVELOPMENTS CONCERNING SCIENCE
In recent years we have been witnessing various movements attacking the
position of science. These attacks originated in different domains,such as
political and religious fundamentalism, esotericism, or relativism. They all
share a more or less radical rejection of science emphasizing their own brand
of world view as absolute truth. Some of these attacks on science (e.g., the
New Age Movement) may be considered as a reaction against the extreme version
of science - scientism. Viewing science as the only way of gaining genuine
(true) knowledge, scientism has provoked and promoted anti-scientific
movements. Unsatisfied with the position of scientism, even many students and
young graduates in the Western culture have become susceptible to modern
versions of superstition and pseudo-science. The obvious side-effects are the
loss of the ability of critical thinking and the increase of superstitious
thinking. This paper offers an attempt to analyse and to understand these
movements from a psychological perspective.
___________________________________
The 60-minute lecture is followed by a 10-minute break. Then we held a
30-60-minute discussion.The participants may comment the talks and
initiate discussion on the Internet. The comments should be written in
the language of the presentation.
The organizer of the colloquium:
Laszlo E. Szabo (email: leszabo(a)hps.elte.hu)
--
L a s z l o E. S z a b o
Theoretical Physics Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Department of History and Philosophy of Science
Eotvos University, Budapest
H-1518 Budapest, Pf. 32, Hungary
Phone/Fax: (36-1)372-2924
Mobil/SMS: (36) 20-366-1172
http://hps.elte.hu/~leszabo
Az MTA Pszichológiai Kutatóintézete meghív minden érdeklõdõt
Prof. Nelson Cowan
(Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri)
Measuring working-memory capacity
címû elõadására.
Hely: MTA Pszichológiai Kutatóintézet elõadóterme
Budapest XIII. Victor Hugo u. 18 22, I. emelet
Idõpont: 2003. május 22, 14 óra.
Minden érdeklõdõt szeretettel várunk.
--
----------Note, phone and fax numbers have changed.------------
Istvan Winkler Mailing address:
Institute for Psychology H-1394 Budapest, P.O.B. 398
Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szondy u 83/85, HUNGARY
Phone: (36-1) 3542-296 Fax: (36-1) 3542-416
e-mail: winkler(a)cogpsyphy.hu or winkler(a)psych.helsinki.fi
Below is a link to the forthcoming BBS target article
Prelinguistic evolution in early hominins: Whence motherese?
by
Dean Falk
http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Falk/Referees/
This article has been accepted for publication in Behavioral and Brain
Sciences (BBS), an international, interdisciplinary journal providing
Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in
the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences.
Commentators must be BBS Associates or suggested by a BBS Associate. To be
considered as a commentator for this article, to suggest other appropriate
commentators, or for information about how to become a BBS Associate,
please reply by EMAIL within three (3) weeks to:
calls(a)bbsonline.org
The Calls are sent to 10,000 BBS Associates, so there is no expectation
(indeed, it would be calamitous) that each recipient should comment on every
occasion! Hence there is no need to reply except if you wish to comment, or
to suggest someone to comment.
If you are not a BBS Associate, please approach a current BBS Associate
(there are currently over 10,000 worldwide) who is familiar with your work
to nominate you. All past BBS authors, referees and commentators are
eligible to become BBS Associates. An electronic list of current BBS
Associates is available at this location to help you select a name:
http://www.bbsonline.org/Instructions/assoclist.html
(please note that this list is being updated)
If no current BBS Associate knows your work, please send us your
Curriculum Vitae and BBS will circulate it to appropriate Associates to
ask whether they would be prepared to nominate you. (In the meantime, your
name, address and email address will be entered into our database as an
unaffiliated investigator.)
=======================================================================
** IMPORTANT **
=======================================================================
To help us put together a balanced list of commentators, it would be most
helpful if you would send us an indication of the relevant expertise you
would bring to bear on the paper, and what aspect of the paper you would
anticipate commenting upon.
(Please note that we only request expertise information in order to
simplify the selection process.)
Please DO NOT prepare a commentary until you receive a formal invitation,
indicating that it was possible to include your name on the final list,
which is constructed so as to balance areas of expertise and frequency of
prior commentaries in BBS.
To help you decide whether you would be an appropriate commentator for
this article, an electronic draft is retrievable at the URL that follows
the abstract and keywords below.
=======================================================================
=======================================================================
Prelinguistic evolution in early hominins: Whence motherese?
Dean Falk
Florida State University
ABSTRACT: In order to formulate hypotheses about the evolutionary
underpinnings that preceded the first glimmerings of language, mother-infant
gestural and vocal interactions are compared in chimpanzees and humans and
used to model those of early hominins. These data, along with
paleoanthropological evidence, suggest that prelinguistic vocal substrates
for protolanguage that had prosodic features similar to contemporary
'motherese' evolved as the trend for enlarging brains in late
australopithecines/early Homo progressively increased the difficulty of
parturition, thus causing a selective shift toward females that gave birth
to relatively undeveloped neonates. It is hypothesized that hominin mothers
adopted new foraging strategies that entailed maternal silencing,
reassuring, and controlling of the behaviors of physically removed infants
(i.e., that shared human babies' inability to cling to their mothers'
bodies). As mothers increasingly began to use prosodic and gestural markings
to encourage juveniles to behave and to follow, the meanings of certain
utterances (words) became conventionalized. This hypothesis is based on the
premises that hominin mothers that attended vigilantly to infants were
strongly selected for, and that such mothers had genetically based
potentials for consciously modifying vocalizations and gestures to control
infants, both of which receive support from the literature.
KEYWORDS: bipedalism; brain size; chimpanzees; foraging; gestures; hominins;
infant riding; motherese; prosody; protolanguage
http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Falk/Referees/
=======================================================================
=======================================================================
*** SUPPLEMENTARY ANNOUNCEMENT ***
(1) Call for Book Nominations for BBS Multiple Book Review
In the past, Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) had only been able
to do 1-2 BBS multiple book treatments per year, because of our
limited annual page quota. BBS's new expanded page quota will make
it possible for us to increase the number of books we treat per
year, so this is an excellent time for BBS Associates and
biobehavioral/cognitive scientists in general to nominate books you
would like to see accorded BBS multiple book review.
(Authors may self-nominate, but books can only be selected on the
basis of multiple nominations.) It would be very helpful if you
indicated in what way a BBS Multiple Book Review of the book(s) you
nominate would be useful to the field (and of course a rich list of
potential reviewers would be the best evidence of its potential
impact!).
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
Please note: Your email address has been added to our user database for
Calls for Commentators, the reason you received this email. If you do not
wish to receive further Calls, please feel free to change your mailshot
status through your User Login link on the BBSPrints homepage, using your
username and password. Or, email a response with the word "remove" in the
subject line.
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
Barbara Finlay
Editor
Jeffrey Gray
Editor
Behavioral and Brain Sciences
bbs(a)bbsonline.org
http://www.bbsonline.org
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Dear Dr. Qwerty,
Below is a link to the forthcoming BBS target article
Prelinguistic evolution in early hominins: Whence motherese?
by
Dean Falk
http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Falk/Referees/
This article has been accepted for publication in Behavioral and Brain
Sciences (BBS), an international, interdisciplinary journal providing
Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in
the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences.
Commentators must be BBS Associates or suggested by a BBS Associate. To be
considered as a commentator for this article, to suggest other appropriate
commentators, or for information about how to become a BBS Associate,
please reply by EMAIL within three (3) weeks to:
calls(a)bbsonline.org
The Calls are sent to 10,000 BBS Associates, so there is no expectation
(indeed, it would be calamitous) that each recipient should comment on every
occasion! Hence there is no need to reply except if you wish to comment, or
to suggest someone to comment.
If you are not a BBS Associate, please approach a current BBS Associate
(there are currently over 10,000 worldwide) who is familiar with your work
to nominate you. All past BBS authors, referees and commentators are
eligible to become BBS Associates. An electronic list of current BBS
Associates is available at this location to help you select a name:
http://www.bbsonline.org/Instructions/assoclist.html
(please note that this list is being updated)
If no current BBS Associate knows your work, please send us your
Curriculum Vitae and BBS will circulate it to appropriate Associates to
ask whether they would be prepared to nominate you. (In the meantime, your
name, address and email address will be entered into our database as an
unaffiliated investigator.)
=======================================================================
** IMPORTANT **
=======================================================================
To help us put together a balanced list of commentators, it would be most
helpful if you would send us an indication of the relevant expertise you
would bring to bear on the paper, and what aspect of the paper you would
anticipate commenting upon.
(Please note that we only request expertise information in order to
simplify the selection process.)
Please DO NOT prepare a commentary until you receive a formal invitation,
indicating that it was possible to include your name on the final list,
which is constructed so as to balance areas of expertise and frequency of
prior commentaries in BBS.
To help you decide whether you would be an appropriate commentator for
this article, an electronic draft is retrievable at the URL that follows
the abstract and keywords below.
=======================================================================
=======================================================================
Prelinguistic evolution in early hominins: Whence motherese?
Dean Falk
Florida State University
ABSTRACT: In order to formulate hypotheses about the evolutionary
underpinnings that preceded the first glimmerings of language, mother-infant
gestural and vocal interactions are compared in chimpanzees and humans and
used to model those of early hominins. These data, along with
paleoanthropological evidence, suggest that prelinguistic vocal substrates
for protolanguage that had prosodic features similar to contemporary
'motherese' evolved as the trend for enlarging brains in late
australopithecines/early Homo progressively increased the difficulty of
parturition, thus causing a selective shift toward females that gave birth
to relatively undeveloped neonates. It is hypothesized that hominin mothers
adopted new foraging strategies that entailed maternal silencing,
reassuring, and controlling of the behaviors of physically removed infants
(i.e., that shared human babies' inability to cling to their mothers'
bodies). As mothers increasingly began to use prosodic and gestural markings
to encourage juveniles to behave and to follow, the meanings of certain
utterances (words) became conventionalized. This hypothesis is based on the
premises that hominin mothers that attended vigilantly to infants were
strongly selected for, and that such mothers had genetically based
potentials for consciously modifying vocalizations and gestures to control
infants, both of which receive support from the literature.
KEYWORDS: bipedalism; brain size; chimpanzees; foraging; gestures; hominins;
infant riding; motherese; prosody; protolanguage
http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Falk/Referees/
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*** SUPPLEMENTARY ANNOUNCEMENT ***
(1) Call for Book Nominations for BBS Multiple Book Review
In the past, Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) had only been able
to do 1-2 BBS multiple book treatments per year, because of our
limited annual page quota. BBS's new expanded page quota will make
it possible for us to increase the number of books we treat per
year, so this is an excellent time for BBS Associates and
biobehavioral/cognitive scientists in general to nominate books you
would like to see accorded BBS multiple book review.
(Authors may self-nominate, but books can only be selected on the
basis of multiple nominations.) It would be very helpful if you
indicated in what way a BBS Multiple Book Review of the book(s) you
nominate would be useful to the field (and of course a rich list of
potential reviewers would be the best evidence of its potential
impact!).
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Please note: Your email address has been added to our user database for
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wish to receive further Calls, please feel free to change your mailshot
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username and password. Or, email a response with the word "remove" in the
subject line.
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Barbara Finlay
Editor
Jeffrey Gray
Editor
Behavioral and Brain Sciences
bbs(a)bbsonline.org
http://www.bbsonline.org
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Science & Consciousness Review (NEW MIRROR: www.sci-con.org) has released
new articles and reviews:
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GUEST EDITORIAL
Inner speech and conscious experience
- by Alain Morin
"Imagine that scientists have been successful at designing a drug that
freezes brain areas producing our internal monologue. After taking the
drug you cant talk to yourself anymore. Every other mental activity is
fine, but its now total silence in your head. Not a word. What would
happen? What would it be like?"
Full text:
http://sci-con.org/editorials/20030403.html
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GUEST EDITORIAL
Empirical Constraints on the Concept of Consciousness
- by Thomas W. Clark
"As other commentators on the target article have pointed out, and as Crick
and Koch themselves acknowledge, their hypotheses regarding the neural
correlates of consciousness (NCC) have much in common with the work of other
researchers. There now seems to be a well-established research consensus
that the NCC are distributed, integrated, and semi-hierarchical, extending
across many brain systems subserving various cognitive functions.
Consciousness seems to involve neural coalitions, not central executives."
Full text:
http://sci-con.org/editorials/20030404.html
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LATEST HEADLINES
- BOOK: Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
- Changing the recognition of emotional faces
- Robot finger has feeling
- Compromise is name of the game in how brain works
- Review of the Self-Concept
See NEWS IN BRIEF at: http://sci-con.org/more_news.html
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PREVIOUS ARTICLES
News:
Atoms of thought. The microstate hypothesis of conscious states
http://sci-con.org/news/articles/20021202.html
News:
Free consciousness articles And how to find them on the Web
http://sci-con.org/news/articles/20021001.html
Visit our archives at:
http://sci-con.org/archive.html
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MIRROR SITE
Science & Consciousness Review can now be found at www.sci-con.org. Soon,
we will launch new features and forums for the scientific study of
consciousness. Please update your links and preferences.
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SEND YOUR CONTRIBUTION
For students, teachers, scientists, and all other fans of consciousness...
Send your news summaries to us.
See more at:
http://sci-con.org/author_instructions.html
Sincerely,
Thomas Zoëga Ramsøy
Managing Editor