Department of HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Eotvos University, BudapestPazmany P. setany 1/A Budapest
Phone/Fax: (36-1) 372 2924
Department's Home Page:http://hps.elte.huhttp://hps.elte.hu
PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE COLLOQUIUM
Room 6.54 (6th floor) Monday 4:00 PM
___________________________
18 March 4:00 PM 6th floor 6.54
Language: Hungarian
T i h a m e r M a r g i t a y
Department of Philosophy and History of Science
Technical University of Budapest
Quine, megismeres es kognitiv szabadsag
(Quine, cognition and cognitive freedom)
Ket alapveto tapasztalatot minden ismeretelmeletnek szem
elott kell tartania. Egyreszt, az emberek meglehetosen kulonbozo,
inkompatibilis nezeteket vallanak - azaz tekintenek tudasnak
-, masreszt, ugy tunik, megsem lehet barmit gondolni a vilagrol,
azaz nem fordul elo minden logikailag lehetseges nezet.
Ezt a ket szempontot osszekapcsolhatjuk, ha az ismeretelmelet
alapkerdeseit - mi a tudas, es hogyan dontheto el egy hitrol,
hogy tudas-e? - a szabadsag segitsegevel fogalmazzuk meg.
Mennyiben all szabadsagunkban azt tekinteni tudasnak, amit
akarunk, illetve azt tudni, amit akarunk? Nyilvan mar csak
az elozoek alapjan is feltetelezhetjuk, hogy bizonyos kenyszerek,
illetve feltetelek korlatozzak e szabadsagunkat. Ebben az
osszefuggesben az ismeretelmeleti elemzes feladata e korlatok,
feltetelek felderitese, es a kognitiv szabadsag hatarainak
felterkepezese. Milyen korlatok akadalyozhatjak meg, hogy
a legvadabb kepzelgeseinket tudasnak tekintsuk, es milyen
szabadsag all az alkoto fantazia rendelkezesere? Az eloadasban
a quinei meghatarozatlansagi tezisek (aluldeterminaltsag,
holizmus) altal biztositott kognitiv szabadsagot vizsgalom.
____________________________
The 60-minute lecture is followed by a 5-minute break. Then
we held a 30-60-minute discussion.
The participants may comment the talks and initiate discussion
on the Internet. The comments should be written in the language
of the presentation.
The organizer of the seminar: Laszlo E. Szabo
--
Laszlo E. Szabo
Department of Theoretical Physics
Department of History and Philosophy of Science
Eotvos University, Budapest
H-1518 Budapest, Pf. 32, Hungary
Phone/Fax: (36-1)372-2924
Home: (36-1) 200-7318
Mobil/SMS: (36) 20-366-1172
http://hps.elte.hu/~leszabo
Below is a link to the forthcoming BBS target article
WHAT CATATONIA CAN TELL US ABOUT "TOP-DOWN MODULATION":
A NEUROPSYCHIATRIC HYPOTHESIS
by
George Northoff
http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Northoff
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_____________________________________________________________
WHAT CATATONIA CAN TELL US ABOUT "TOP-DOWN MODULATION":
A NEUROPSYCHIATRIC HYPOTHESIS
George Northoff, MD PhD, PhD
Harvard University
Beth Israel Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
KEYWORDS: Catatonia; Parkinson's disease; Top-down modulation; Bottom-up
modulation; Horizontal modulation; Vertical modulation
ABSTRACT: Differentialdiagnosis of motor symptoms, as for example
akinesia, may be difficult in clinical neuropsychiatry. They may be either
of neurologic origin, as for example Parkinson's disease, or psychiatric
origin, as for example catatonia, leading to a so-called "conflict of
paradigms". Despite their different origin symptoms may appear clinically
more or less similar. Possibility of dissociation between origin and
clinical appearance may reflect functional brain organisation in general
and cortical-cortical/subcortical relations in particular. It is therefore
hypothesized that similarities and differences between Parkinson's disease
and catatonia may be accounted for by distinct kinds of modulation between
cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical relations. Comparison between
Parkinson's disease and catatonia reveals distinction between two kinds of
modulation "vertical and horizontal modulation". "Vertical modulation"
concerns cortical-subcortical relations and allows apparently for
bidirectional modulation. This is reflected in possibility of both
"top-down and bottom-up modulation" and appearance of motor symptoms in
both Parkinson's disease and catatonia. "Horizontal modulation" concerns
cortical-cortical relations and allows apparently only for unidirectional
modulation. This is reflected in one-way connections from prefrontal
cortex to motor cortex and absence of major affective and behavioural
symptoms in Parkinson's disease. It is concluded that comparison between
Parkinson's disease and catatonia may reveal the nature of modulation of
cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical relations in further detail.
http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Northoff
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
Ralph DeMarco
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Journals Department
Cambridge University Press
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
Department of HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Eotvos University, BudapestPazmany P. setany 1/A Budapest
Phone/Fax: (36-1) 372 2924
Department's Home Page:http://hps.elte.huhttp://hps.elte.hu
PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE COLLOQUIUM
Room 6.54 (6th floor) Monday 4:00 PM
___________________________
11 March 4:00 PM 6th floor 6.54
Language: English, except all participants speak Hungarian
G a b o r E t e s i* ** (lecturer) and
I s t v a n N e m e t i**
* Yukawa Institute, Kyoto University, Japan
** Alfred Renyi Institute of Mathematics, Budapest
General relativistic- (and/or quantum-) computability; computing
non-Turing-computable functions in Malament-Hogarth spacetimes
It used to be a (meta) theorem of mathematical logic that
mankind will never know that ZFC (which forms the foundation
of mathematics) is consistent, assuming it is. We will argue
that this meta-theorem is gone, it is no more provable.
We will report on (convergent) results of various research
groups at various parts of the world coming, independently,
to the same conclusion which is, roughly, that Turing computability
may not (after all) be the final limit of the capabilities
of artificial computing devices. Some of the above mentioned
researchers are e.g. Hogarth (Cambridge), Malament, Earman,
ourselves, Kieu (Australia), F. Tipler, to mention only
a few.
We investigate the Church--Kalmar--Kreisel--Turing Theses
concerning theoretical (necessary) limitations of future
computers and of deductive sciences, in view of recent results
of classical general relativity theory. We argue that (i)
there are several distinguished Church--Turing-type Theses
(not only one) and (ii) validity of some of these theses
depend on the background physical theory we choose to use.
In particular, if we choose classical general relativity
theory as our background theory, then the above mentioned
limitations (predicted by these Theses) become no more necessary,
hence certain forms of the Church--Turing Thesis cease to
be valid (in general relativity). (For other choices of
the background theory the answer might be different.)
We also look at various ``obstacles'' to computing a non-recursive
function (by relying on relativistic phenomena) published
in the literature and show that they can be avoided (by
improving the ``design'' of our future computer). We also
ask ourselves, how all this reflects on the arithmetical
hierarchy and the analytical hierarchy of uncomputable functions.
(We note that the goal of ``computing the uncomputable''
is distincly more modest than executing so called supertasks.
Indeed, we do not claim possibility of the second.)
A paper advocating carefully and it detail the view we adopt
here -- that developments in the background physical theory
can influence profoundly the fundamentals of the theories
of computability and logic -- appeared in Bull. Symbolic
Logic Vol. 6 No 3 (2000), pp.265-283 by Deutsch et al. Our
paper on this subject is available on the following internet
address:
[http://ipsapp008.lwwonline.com/ips/frames/menu.asp?J=4779&S=36698&M=40800#]
A further useful reference is Hogarth, M.: ``Predictability,
Computability, and Spacetime'', pp.1-123, available from
[mh10026(a)cam.ac.uk].
____________________________
The 60-minute lecture is followed by a 5-minute break. Then
we held a 30-60-minute discussion.
The participants may comment the talks and initiate discussion
on the Internet. The comments should be written in the language
of the presentation.
The organizer of the seminar: Laszlo E. Szabo
--
Laszlo E. Szabo
Department of Theoretical Physics
Department of History and Philosophy of Science
Eotvos University, Budapest
H-1518 Budapest, Pf. 32, Hungary
Phone/Fax: (36-1)372-2924
Home: (36-1) 200-7318
Mobil/SMS: (36) 20-366-1172
http://hps.elte.hu/~leszabo
Csaba Pleh, Professor of Psychology
Technical U. of Budapest Center for Cognitive Science
Presently at Collegium Budapest, Budapest, Szentharomsag u 2 H-1014
cspleh@ colbud.hu, T: 3612248323, Fax: 3612248310 Mobile: (06)303500431
----- Original Message -----
From: Typotex <agi(a)typotex.hu>
To: <typoklub(a)typotex.hu>
Sent: Tuesday, March 05, 2002 2:40 PM
Subject: [TypoKlub] typo04
>
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> A Typotex Kiado
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> amit a Helikon Konyveshazban tart
> (VI. Budapest, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 37.)
> 2002. marcius 25-en 17.00 orakor.
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>
> Michael B.Oldstone
> Virusvadaszok
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> Berencsi Gyorgy, Labas Elemer es a fordito Domok Istvan.
>
> A. Gopnik - A. N. Meltzof - P. K. Kuhl
> Bolcsek a bolcsoben
>
> A konyvet bemutatja:
> A sorozatszerkeszto Pleh Csaba es a fordito Vassy Zoltan.
>
>
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> aprosutemennyel es teahazi hangulatban varja Ont a ket hazigazda:
>
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> Votisky Zsuzsa
> a Typotex Kiado ugyvezeto igazgatoja
>
> es
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> Hortobagyi Ildiko
> a Helikon Konyveshaz vezetoje
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Comment on Roberto Casati's comment ("The infinite regress problem") on
Umberto Eco's "Authors and Authority." http://www.text-e.org/debats/
Further commentary invited at that site.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
No "Quis Custodiet" Problem Peculiar to the Web
Stevan Harnad
CASATI: "Eco points out a filtering problem which resists various
filtering solutions. The problem is how can we tell, on the web,
relevant (useful, good) from irrelevant (useless, bad, misleading)
information? "
The question is: Who are "we"?
We have a problem far worse than infinite regress if we want to treat
as a single problem, and find a single solution, for a "we" that
includes children looking for games, teenagers looking for music,
house-wives looking for recipes, consumers looking for products,
relatives looking for medical information, students looking for
reference material, and scholars/scientists looking for refereed
research.
The obvious solution is to partition cyperspace into sectors, just as
everything else is, and tag the "authoritative" sectors (such as the
peer reviewed literature) as such.
To put it in context, consider a related non-problem: the "universal
search engine" problem -- the one that will find for you, reliably,
the needle that you are searching for in the ever-expanding cosmic
haystack of the web. People are fond of declaring this problem
insoluble; but is it really a problem at all?
Our thinking is based on the following, I think: The prototype, the
gold-standard, is the library, the written Gutenberg corpus. It is
that sort of order, reliability, retrievability that we are looking
for, as indexed and shelved in our libraries, catalogues and bookstores.
There would be no "universal search-engine" problem, but rather the
contrary, a welcome solution, if the Web consisted of all and only this
canonical Gutenberg corpus. But it does not: It consists of a lot more
(and, alas a lot less, for most of the Gutenberg corpus is not yet
available online).
Now let us simplify, to get to the heart of the matter: Suppose the Web
consisted of the entire canonical Gutenberg corpus, suitably tagged as
such (I will return to this), PLUS every single word ever spoken (or
thought) by every man, woman and child, from the prehistoric onset of
language to the present day, updated daily.
Would we now have a "universal search engine" problem? Of course not.
For we would use the "tags" distinguishing the canonical literature
(and of course all of its subtags, including "refereed journal" and
"journal-name") to restrict our search to ordered subsets of cyberspace
whose rules we would inherit from the paper canon.
End of story. No new problem. Just a matter of tagging and isolating the
old solution, and not being misled by the fact that, in principle (and
with Dan Serber's dictascript, augmented perhaps by some future
telescript), every single verbal production of every single human mind
can be converted to writing and consigned to the web. So what? We know
how to ignore idle chatter in the oral medium. We will continue to be
able to do so on the Web.
Yes, there are some new borderline cases, spawned by the web:
Non-published teaching materials, pearls of wisdom in the chatter, etc.
Those are special cases, and will evolve their own sectors. But sectored
and tagged they will be. And in the meanwhile, let us not try to be
holier than the pope: As a special case, the canonical corpus (or as
much of it as is up there so far) is as tractable on the Web as it was
on paper (indeed moreso). And the rest is just dictascript, which need
no more be "navigated" than what transpires on the airwaves of chat TV
or a hairdresser parlour.
http://oaisrv.nsdl.cornell.edu/pipermail/oai-general/2001-June/000036.html
CASATI: "This is an epistemological problem. Harnad claims that
this is not a new problem and that there already are stable solutions
to the problem. He would hence delete the 'on the web' clause."
Indeed. What we want to continue to be able to access and navigate is
the authoritative corpus. Let us simplify and say that this corresponds
to the peer-reviewed corpus. If/when that is all online, it is all only
a reliable metadata tag away from being navigable at least as reliably
as it was on-paper (and in fact infinitely more efficiently).
CASATI: "But if I understand Eco correctly, the web environment poses
the filtering problem in a new light, for which old solutions are not
easily available. The problem is best framed from the viewpoint of the
lower-end user, someone with no information at all on the Holy Graal,
say, who browses the web in order to improve his knowledge.
Assuming that the relevant bit of information is available, it has to
be separated from irrelevant or misleading bits of information. How can
you find the relevant bit of information?"
Vide supra. (And ask, if there had been no Web, how would this generic
user do it? Do we have to worry that he may be gullible, and ready to
believe whatever he runs into in conversation, on TV, on the drugstore
magazine counters? Or that he has the good sense and capacity to resort
to the library index catalogue?)
CASATI: Surely an expert would help. Suppose now that an expert on the
Holy Graal is somewhere available on the web. How can you find the
expert? Well. Maybe there is a meta-expert somewhere on the web, but
again, How can you find the meta-expert? And: How can you find the
meta-meta-expert? And so on and so forth. Obviously infinite regress
haunts Ecos solution. "
Nothing of the sort. Why is there no "infinite regress" in the Gutenberg
corpus? There is of course one on Chat-Radio (whom do you trust?), but
authenticating all the opinions and misinformation that come out of human
mouths, and even those that find their way onto public airwaves, is a
hopeless (and pointless) task: There's always more opinion than
expertise; it's more like combinatorial explosion than infinite
regress.
We are, in other words, using a spurious tertium comparationis here, in
applying the desiderata of the authoritative Gutenberg canon to the
PostGutenberg Galaxy. But the solution is simple. Carve out the subspace
of cyberspace that corresponds to the old canon as a special case, tag
it accordingly (augment it with any new hybrid productions worthy of
inclusion), and restrict your serious searching to that sector alone.
And let the erstwhile experts (peer review) continue to be your
"authority."
CASATI: "Peer reviewing, as invoked by Harnad, works very
well for people who already know about academic journals and
standards, but wont work for the lower-end user. How do you know
about the good and the bad journal, the good and bad
learned society? At some point the circle has to be broken by some
hearsay type of contact."
How did the "lower-end user" know about it in the Gutenberg age? Same
answer.
CASATI: "But this is not available in the pure version of the problem.
Probably the real solution is in those same large numbers that create
the problem. It is in the link-structure of the web, the same structure
that is exploited by Google's search strategy. Linking is, to some
extent, like a vote given to a page after a review of its content. Each
of us is a peer reviewer. And if we are good peer reviewers, we will
attract links from other pages."
Ah me! If the authority is (democratically? capitalistically?) ceded to
opinion polls among those same multitudes who cannot be assumed to know
how to use a library, where will we be!
On replacing expertise by nose-counts, see:
Harnad, S. (1998) The invisible hand of peer review. Nature
[online] (c. 5 Nov. 1998)
http://helix.nature.com/webmatters/invisible/invisible.html
Longer version: http://www.exploit-lib.org/issue5/peer-review/http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/nature2.html
"Peer Review Reform Hypothesis-Testing"
http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Amsci/0479.html
"A Note of Caution About 'Reforming the System'"
http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Amsci/1169.html
CASATI: "Expertise, in an universal linking system, is diffuse and
microscopic. There are advantages to this solution. It avoids regress.
It takes authority out of a few hands. It generalises the stable peer
reviewing solution to the pre-web relevance problem."
Or throws out the baby with the bathwater, substituting sheer quantity
of popular opinion for qualified expertise. (Is this perhaps the
current fashion of ceding all authority to market economics and
dollar-democracy, along with a dose of PC populism, now making a bid
for "privatizing" science and scholarship, as has already been done
with the arts?)
CASATI: "There are shortcomings. The link structure is poorly
understood, and some studies will be necessary as to the possible
distortions that the linking system may undergo, as in any other
diffuse system from which we hope to extract information, such as the
system of prices in various types of economy."
Shortcomings there will indeed be. Let us hope we will first look at
what sort of quality this link-economy would yield, before committing
ourselves too deeply to it...
Stevan Harnad
Ha valakit erdekel a mesterseges intelligencia oktatasi levelezesi lista,
akkor iratkozzon fel ra:
http://nipglab04.inf.elte.hu/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/annai/
Udvozlettel,
Lorincz Andras
http:\\people.inf.elte.hu\lorincz
A legutolso informacio: Brain Computer Interface
Mesterseges es termeszetes intelligencia kapcsolodasa
szinkron jelreszletek keresese, felismerese es hasznalata.
Adatok egy elozo ANNAI levelben (Brain Computer Interface)
********************
TIME Magazin -- html
********************
http://www.time.com/time/interactive/technology/brain_np.html
*******
EXTROPY
*******
Extropy: The Journal of Transhumanist Solutions has for years led the way in publishing
the future-oriented thoughts of brilliantly
innovative minds dedicated to overcoming limits to the human condition.
http://www.extropy.org/
Transhumanism and futurist philosophy
Tools for future planning for individuals and organizations
Protocols for practical superlongevity
Superlongevity: science-based projections and planning for consequences
New directions in computation and human-computer interaction
Generalized cost-benefit consideration of emerging technologies
Protocols for augmenting your health and intelligence
Choosing rational values for the present and future
Critical thinking, effective reasoning and information-filtering
Understanding and thriving in the innovation economy
Opportunities and risks in the application of micro- and nanotechnology
Cultural and artistic means of conveying extropian values and solutions
Space development and exploration
Balancing spontaneous order and centralized organization in flexible social structures
Rational social decision-making
Self-transformative psychology for optimal functioning
Megascale engineering
Artificial intelligence: finding solutions, foreseeing implications
*****************
Virtualis patkany
*****************
http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.02/potter.html
***********************
Neuralis szinkron jelek
***********************
Salinas E and Sejnowski TJ (2001)
Correlated neuronal activity and the flow of neural information.
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2:539-550.
http://www.cnl.salk.edu/~emilio/papers.html
Salinas E and Abbott LF (2001)
Coordinate transformations in the visual system: how to generate gain fields and what to
compute with them.
In: Advances in Neural Population Coding,
Progress in Brain Research, Vol 130, pp 175--190.
Edited by MAL Nicolelis, Amsterdam: Elsevier.
[PS file] [PDF file]
http://www.cnl.salk.edu/~emilio/papers.html
Information on the MATLAB ICA Electrophysiological Toolbox
... dynamics using Independent Component Analysis (.pdf, 640k), Proceedings of the IEEE,
89 ... Laubach, M., Wessberg, J. and Nicolelis, MAL Cortical ensemble activity ...
www.cnl.salk.edu/~scott/ica.readme.html - 16k - Cached - Similar pages
[ More results from www.cnl.salk.edu ]
***********
Majom robot
***********
http://veederandld.20m.com/primnews/111600c.html
November 16, 2000
Monkey Reaches Out With Robotic Arm
An article in .pdf format from Nature, "Real Brains for Real Robots" can be read at:
http://www.egroups.com/files/alloprimate/monkey_robots.pdf
A free Adobe Acrobat reader can be downloaded at http://www.adobe.com
A related article from ScienceNOW -- 2000 (1116): 3
http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2000/1116/3
Signals from a monkey's brain can control a robotic arm, driving the mechanical limb to
mimic the movements of the flesh-and-blood simian
arm, researchers report. A similar setup that could "read" human brain signals might
lead to movable prosthetic limbs for people who are
paralyzed or have lost an arm.
*****************
Duke Neuroscience
*****************
http://www.neuro.duke.edu/new.htm
EXPERIMENTAL 'BRAIN PACEMAKER' ALLEVIATES SEIZURES IN RATS
Nicolelis Lab
http://www.nicolelislab.net/NLNet/sniff/flashpresent.htmlhttp://www.dukenews.duke.edu/Research/nicojn.htm
****
SUNY
****
Demonstration of Direct Control of Robot Arm from the Brain
http://www.rybak-et-al.net/chapin.html