Much of our daily life is dedicated to the perception of and the interaction with others. Adequate predictions of others’ behaviour allow an adaptation of one’s own behaviour and a smooth and continuous interaction with other interaction partners. In my talk, I will focus on the question how, early in life, we develop expectations of what others are doing and how these expectations are then used to derive predictions about others’ future behaviour. I will present data from studies that addressed the overall question how non-linguistic and linguistic forms of communication (or action and language) are related to each other. In particular, I will discuss how developing language skills are related to developing action skills and to which extent the performance of an action (i.e. enactment) can influence language acquisition.